diff --git a/packages/ai/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/ai/CHANGELOG.md
index 78c2026d..39e50067 100644
--- a/packages/ai/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/ai/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 - Added `contentText` for extracting joined text from message content ([#6840](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi/pull/6840) by [@xl0](https://github.com/xl0)).
 - Added a shared `uuidv7` utility for time-ordered identifiers ([#6834](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi/pull/6834) by [@xl0](https://github.com/xl0)).
 - Added optional usage metadata to tool result messages ([#6671](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi/pull/6671) by [@davidbrai](https://github.com/davidbrai)).
+- Added Kimi Code subscription OAuth login (device authorization grant) for the `kimi-coding` provider, with token refresh and `KIMI_CODE_OAUTH_HOST`/`KIMI_OAUTH_HOST` host overrides.
 
 ### Changed
 
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/auth/oauth/kimi-coding.ts b/packages/ai/src/auth/oauth/kimi-coding.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..93e7062d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ai/src/auth/oauth/kimi-coding.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+/**
+ * Kimi Code (subscription) OAuth flow
+ *
+ * RFC 8628 device authorization grant against https://auth.kimi.com with JSON
+ * responses. The access token authenticates requests to
+ * https://api.kimi.com/coding as an `Authorization: Bearer` header.
+ */
+
+import { getProviderEnvValue } from "../../utils/provider-env.ts";
+import type { AuthInteraction, OAuthAuth, OAuthCredential } from "../types.ts";
+import { pollOAuthDeviceCodeFlow } from "./device-code.ts";
+
+const CLIENT_ID = "17e5f671-d194-4dfb-9706-5516cb48c098";
+const DEFAULT_OAUTH_HOST = "https://auth.kimi.com";
+const DEVICE_CODE_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 15 * 60;
+const DEFAULT_POLL_INTERVAL_SECONDS = 5;
+const REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 30 * 1000;
+const REFRESH_MAX_RETRIES = 3;
+
+type DeviceAuthorization = {
+	deviceCode: string;
+	userCode: string;
+	verificationUri: string;
+	verificationUriComplete: string;
+	intervalSeconds: number;
+	expiresInSeconds: number;
+};
+
+type TokenResponse = {
+	access: string;
+	refresh: string;
+	expires: number;
+};
+
+function getOauthHost(): string {
+	const override = getProviderEnvValue("KIMI_CODE_OAUTH_HOST") || getProviderEnvValue("KIMI_OAUTH_HOST");
+	return (override || DEFAULT_OAUTH_HOST).replace(/\/+$/, "");
+}
+
+function requestSignal(signal?: AbortSignal): AbortSignal {
+	return AbortSignal.any([AbortSignal.timeout(REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS), ...(signal ? [signal] : [])]);
+}
+
+function formUrlEncode(fields: Record<string, string>): string {
+	return new URLSearchParams(fields).toString();
+}
+
+async function readJson(response: Response): Promise<Record<string, unknown> | null> {
+	try {
+		const json = await response.json();
+		return json && typeof json === "object" ? (json as Record<string, unknown>) : null;
+	} catch {
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+/** The verification URI is opened in the user's browser; only http(s) URLs are trusted. */
+function trustedHttpUrl(value: unknown): string | null {
+	if (typeof value !== "string" || !value) return null;
+	try {
+		const url = new URL(value);
+		if (url.protocol !== "https:" && url.protocol !== "http:") return null;
+		return url.href;
+	} catch {
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+async function startDeviceAuthorization(oauthHost: string, signal?: AbortSignal): Promise<DeviceAuthorization> {
+	const response = await fetch(`${oauthHost}/api/oauth/device_authorization`, {
+		method: "POST",
+		headers: {
+			"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+			Accept: "application/json",
+		},
+		body: formUrlEncode({ client_id: CLIENT_ID }),
+		signal: requestSignal(signal),
+	});
+
+	if (!response.ok) {
+		const text = await response.text().catch(() => "");
+		throw new Error(`Kimi Code device authorization failed with status ${response.status}${text ? `: ${text}` : ""}`);
+	}
+
+	const json = await readJson(response);
+	const deviceCode = json?.device_code;
+	const userCode = json?.user_code;
+	const verificationUri = json?.verification_uri;
+	const verificationUriComplete = json?.verification_uri_complete;
+	if (
+		typeof deviceCode !== "string" ||
+		typeof userCode !== "string" ||
+		typeof verificationUri !== "string" ||
+		typeof verificationUriComplete !== "string" ||
+		!trustedHttpUrl(verificationUriComplete) ||
+		!trustedHttpUrl(verificationUri)
+	) {
+		throw new Error(`Invalid Kimi Code device authorization response: ${JSON.stringify(json)}`);
+	}
+
+	const interval = json?.interval;
+	const expiresIn = json?.expires_in;
+	return {
+		deviceCode,
+		userCode,
+		verificationUri,
+		verificationUriComplete,
+		intervalSeconds:
+			typeof interval === "number" && Number.isFinite(interval) && interval > 0
+				? interval
+				: DEFAULT_POLL_INTERVAL_SECONDS,
+		expiresInSeconds:
+			typeof expiresIn === "number" && Number.isFinite(expiresIn) && expiresIn > 0
+				? expiresIn
+				: DEVICE_CODE_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+	};
+}
+
+function parseTokenResponse(json: Record<string, unknown> | null, operation: string): TokenResponse {
+	const accessToken = json?.access_token;
+	const refreshToken = json?.refresh_token;
+	const expiresIn = json?.expires_in;
+	if (
+		typeof accessToken !== "string" ||
+		!accessToken ||
+		typeof refreshToken !== "string" ||
+		!refreshToken ||
+		typeof expiresIn !== "number" ||
+		!Number.isFinite(expiresIn) ||
+		expiresIn <= 0
+	) {
+		throw new Error(`Kimi Code token ${operation} response missing fields: ${JSON.stringify(json)}`);
+	}
+	return {
+		access: accessToken,
+		refresh: refreshToken,
+		expires: Date.now() + expiresIn * 1000,
+	};
+}
+
+async function pollForToken(
+	oauthHost: string,
+	device: DeviceAuthorization,
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
+): Promise<TokenResponse> {
+	return pollOAuthDeviceCodeFlow<TokenResponse>({
+		intervalSeconds: device.intervalSeconds,
+		expiresInSeconds: device.expiresInSeconds,
+		waitBeforeFirstPoll: true,
+		signal,
+		poll: async () => {
+			const response = await fetch(`${oauthHost}/api/oauth/token`, {
+				method: "POST",
+				headers: {
+					"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+					Accept: "application/json",
+				},
+				body: formUrlEncode({
+					client_id: CLIENT_ID,
+					device_code: device.deviceCode,
+					grant_type: "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code",
+				}),
+				signal: requestSignal(signal),
+			});
+
+			if (response.status >= 500) {
+				const text = await response.text().catch(() => "");
+				return {
+					status: "failed",
+					message: `Kimi Code device token request failed with status ${response.status}${text ? `: ${text}` : ""}`,
+				};
+			}
+
+			const json = await readJson(response);
+			if (response.ok && typeof json?.access_token === "string") {
+				try {
+					return { status: "complete", value: parseTokenResponse(json, "poll") };
+				} catch (error) {
+					return { status: "failed", message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) };
+				}
+			}
+
+			const error = json?.error;
+			const description = typeof json?.error_description === "string" ? `: ${json.error_description}` : "";
+			if (error === "authorization_pending") {
+				return { status: "pending" };
+			}
+			if (error === "slow_down") {
+				const interval = json?.interval;
+				return {
+					status: "slow_down",
+					intervalSeconds: typeof interval === "number" && interval > 0 ? interval : undefined,
+				};
+			}
+			if (error === "expired_token") {
+				return { status: "failed", message: "Kimi Code device authorization expired. Please restart login." };
+			}
+			if (error === "access_denied") {
+				return { status: "failed", message: "Kimi Code login was denied." };
+			}
+			return {
+				status: "failed",
+				message: `Kimi Code device token request failed (status ${response.status})${typeof error === "string" ? `: ${error}${description}` : ""}`,
+			};
+		},
+	});
+}
+
+function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+	return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+}
+
+function isRetryableRefreshFailure(response: Response): boolean {
+	return response.status === 429 || response.status >= 500;
+}
+
+async function refreshToken(
+	oauthHost: string,
+	refreshTokenValue: string,
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
+): Promise<TokenResponse> {
+	let lastError: Error | undefined;
+	for (let attempt = 0; attempt <= REFRESH_MAX_RETRIES; attempt++) {
+		if (attempt > 0) {
+			await sleep(1000 * 2 ** (attempt - 1));
+		}
+		if (signal?.aborted) {
+			throw new Error("Kimi Code token refresh aborted");
+		}
+
+		let response: Response;
+		try {
+			response = await fetch(`${oauthHost}/api/oauth/token`, {
+				method: "POST",
+				headers: {
+					"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+					Accept: "application/json",
+				},
+				body: formUrlEncode({
+					client_id: CLIENT_ID,
+					grant_type: "refresh_token",
+					refresh_token: refreshTokenValue,
+				}),
+				signal: requestSignal(signal),
+			});
+		} catch (error) {
+			lastError = error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const json = await readJson(response);
+		if (response.ok) {
+			return parseTokenResponse(json, "refresh");
+		}
+
+		// Unauthorized: the stored credential is dead; Models clears it and prompts re-login.
+		if (response.status === 401 || response.status === 403 || json?.error === "invalid_grant") {
+			const description = typeof json?.error_description === "string" ? `: ${json.error_description}` : "";
+			throw new Error(`Kimi Code token refresh unauthorized (status ${response.status})${description}`);
+		}
+
+		if (isRetryableRefreshFailure(response) && attempt < REFRESH_MAX_RETRIES) {
+			lastError = new Error(`Kimi Code token refresh failed with status ${response.status}`);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const text = JSON.stringify(json);
+		throw new Error(`Kimi Code token refresh failed with status ${response.status}${text ? `: ${text}` : ""}`);
+	}
+
+	throw lastError ?? new Error("Kimi Code token refresh failed");
+}
+
+async function loginKimiCoding(interaction: AuthInteraction): Promise<OAuthCredential> {
+	const oauthHost = getOauthHost();
+	const device = await startDeviceAuthorization(oauthHost, interaction.signal);
+	interaction.notify({
+		type: "device_code",
+		userCode: device.userCode,
+		verificationUri: device.verificationUriComplete,
+		intervalSeconds: device.intervalSeconds,
+		expiresInSeconds: device.expiresInSeconds,
+	});
+	const token = await pollForToken(oauthHost, device, interaction.signal);
+	return { type: "oauth", access: token.access, refresh: token.refresh, expires: token.expires };
+}
+
+export const kimiCodingOAuth: OAuthAuth = {
+	name: "Kimi Code (subscription)",
+	loginLabel: "Sign in with Kimi Code",
+
+	login: loginKimiCoding,
+
+	refresh: async (credential, signal) => {
+		const token = await refreshToken(getOauthHost(), credential.refresh, signal);
+		return { type: "oauth", access: token.access, refresh: token.refresh, expires: token.expires };
+	},
+
+	async toAuth(credential) {
+		return { headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${credential.access}` } };
+	},
+};
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/auth/oauth/load.ts b/packages/ai/src/auth/oauth/load.ts
index ca1c87d2..011e93e1 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/auth/oauth/load.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/auth/oauth/load.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ type OAuthFlowLoaders = {
 	anthropic: () => OAuthAuth | Promise<OAuthAuth>;
 	openaiCodex: () => OAuthAuth | Promise<OAuthAuth>;
 	githubCopilot: () => OAuthAuth | Promise<OAuthAuth>;
+	kimiCoding: () => OAuthAuth | Promise<OAuthAuth>;
 	xai: () => OAuthAuth | Promise<OAuthAuth>;
 	radius: (options: { name: string; gateway: string }) => OAuthAuth | Promise<OAuthAuth>;
 };
@@ -41,6 +42,11 @@ export const loadGitHubCopilotOAuth = async (): Promise<OAuthAuth> => {
 	return ((await importOAuthModule("./github-copilot.ts")) as { githubCopilotOAuth: OAuthAuth }).githubCopilotOAuth;
 };
 
+export const loadKimiCodingOAuth = async (): Promise<OAuthAuth> => {
+	if (bundledLoaders) return bundledLoaders.kimiCoding();
+	return ((await importOAuthModule("./kimi-coding.ts")) as { kimiCodingOAuth: OAuthAuth }).kimiCodingOAuth;
+};
+
 export const loadXaiOAuth = async (): Promise<OAuthAuth> => {
 	if (bundledLoaders) return bundledLoaders.xai();
 	return ((await importOAuthModule("./xai.ts")) as { xaiOAuth: OAuthAuth }).xaiOAuth;
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/bun-oauth.ts b/packages/ai/src/bun-oauth.ts
index 31cdec98..8c3be5be 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/bun-oauth.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/bun-oauth.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { anthropicOAuth } from "./auth/oauth/anthropic.ts";
 import { githubCopilotOAuth } from "./auth/oauth/github-copilot.ts";
+import { kimiCodingOAuth } from "./auth/oauth/kimi-coding.ts";
 import { registerBundledOAuthFlowLoaders } from "./auth/oauth/load.ts";
 import { openaiCodexOAuth } from "./auth/oauth/openai-codex.ts";
 import { createRadiusOAuth } from "./auth/oauth/radius.ts";
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ export function registerBunOAuthFlows(): void {
 		anthropic: () => anthropicOAuth,
 		openaiCodex: () => openaiCodexOAuth,
 		githubCopilot: () => githubCopilotOAuth,
+		kimiCoding: () => kimiCodingOAuth,
 		xai: () => xaiOAuth,
 		radius: createRadiusOAuth,
 	});
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/providers/kimi-coding.ts b/packages/ai/src/providers/kimi-coding.ts
index 865ae28c..ecd87d56 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/providers/kimi-coding.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/providers/kimi-coding.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { anthropicMessagesApi } from "../api/anthropic-messages.lazy.ts";
-import { envApiKeyAuth } from "../auth/helpers.ts";
+import { envApiKeyAuth, lazyOAuth } from "../auth/helpers.ts";
+import { loadKimiCodingOAuth } from "../auth/oauth/load.ts";
 import { createProvider, type Provider } from "../models.ts";
 import { KIMI_CODING_MODELS } from "./kimi-coding.models.ts";
 
@@ -8,7 +9,14 @@ export function kimiCodingProvider(): Provider<"anthropic-messages"> {
 		id: "kimi-coding",
 		name: "Kimi For Coding",
 		baseUrl: "https://api.kimi.com/coding",
-		auth: { apiKey: envApiKeyAuth("Kimi API key", ["KIMI_API_KEY"]) },
+		auth: {
+			apiKey: envApiKeyAuth("Kimi API key", ["KIMI_API_KEY"]),
+			oauth: lazyOAuth({
+				name: "Kimi Code (subscription)",
+				loginLabel: "Sign in with Kimi Code",
+				load: loadKimiCodingOAuth,
+			}),
+		},
 		models: Object.values(KIMI_CODING_MODELS),
 		api: anthropicMessagesApi(),
 	});
diff --git a/packages/ai/test/kimi-coding-oauth.test.ts b/packages/ai/test/kimi-coding-oauth.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07c56360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ai/test/kimi-coding-oauth.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { kimiCodingOAuth } from "../src/auth/oauth/kimi-coding.ts";
+import type { AuthInteraction } from "../src/auth/types.ts";
+
+const CLIENT_ID = "17e5f671-d194-4dfb-9706-5516cb48c098";
+const OAUTH_HOST = "https://auth.kimi.com";
+
+function jsonResponse(body: unknown, status: number = 200): Response {
+	return new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
+		status,
+		headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+	});
+}
+
+function getUrl(input: unknown): string {
+	if (typeof input === "string") return input;
+	if (input instanceof URL) return input.toString();
+	if (input instanceof Request) return input.url;
+	throw new Error(`Unsupported fetch input: ${String(input)}`);
+}
+
+function deviceAuthorizationResponse(overrides?: Record<string, unknown>): Response {
+	return jsonResponse({
+		user_code: "ABCD-1234",
+		device_code: "device-code-123",
+		verification_uri: "https://www.kimi.com/code",
+		verification_uri_complete: "https://www.kimi.com/code?user_code=ABCD-1234",
+		interval: 5,
+		expires_in: 600,
+		...overrides,
+	});
+}
+
+function createInteraction(events: Array<Record<string, unknown>>): AuthInteraction {
+	return {
+		prompt: async () => {
+			throw new Error("Kimi Code login should not prompt");
+		},
+		notify: (event) => events.push(event),
+	};
+}
+
+describe("Kimi Code OAuth", () => {
+	afterEach(() => {
+		vi.restoreAllMocks();
+		vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+		vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+		vi.useRealTimers();
+	});
+
+	it("logs in with the device authorization flow", async () => {
+		vi.useFakeTimers();
+		const startTime = new Date("2026-07-20T00:00:00Z");
+		vi.setSystemTime(startTime);
+
+		const events: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [];
+		const pollResponses = [
+			jsonResponse({ error: "authorization_pending" }, 400),
+			jsonResponse({ access_token: "access-token", refresh_token: "refresh-token", expires_in: 3600 }),
+		];
+		const pollTimes: number[] = [];
+
+		vi.stubGlobal(
+			"fetch",
+			vi.fn(async (input: unknown, init?: RequestInit): Promise<Response> => {
+				const url = getUrl(input);
+				if (url === `${OAUTH_HOST}/api/oauth/device_authorization`) {
+					expect(init?.method).toBe("POST");
+					expect(init?.headers).toMatchObject({
+						"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+						Accept: "application/json",
+					});
+					expect(new URLSearchParams(String(init?.body)).get("client_id")).toBe(CLIENT_ID);
+					return deviceAuthorizationResponse();
+				}
+				if (url === `${OAUTH_HOST}/api/oauth/token`) {
+					pollTimes.push(Date.now());
+					const params = new URLSearchParams(String(init?.body));
+					expect(params.get("grant_type")).toBe("urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code");
+					expect(params.get("client_id")).toBe(CLIENT_ID);
+					expect(params.get("device_code")).toBe("device-code-123");
+					const response = pollResponses.shift();
+					if (!response) throw new Error("Unexpected extra token poll");
+					return response;
+				}
+				throw new Error(`Unexpected fetch URL: ${url}`);
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const credentialPromise = kimiCodingOAuth.login(createInteraction(events));
+		for (let i = 0; i < 5 && events.length === 0; i++) {
+			await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0);
+		}
+		expect(events).toEqual([
+			{
+				type: "device_code",
+				userCode: "ABCD-1234",
+				verificationUri: "https://www.kimi.com/code?user_code=ABCD-1234",
+				intervalSeconds: 5,
+				expiresInSeconds: 600,
+			},
+		]);
+
+		// waitBeforeFirstPoll: first poll happens after the 5s interval.
+		await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(4999);
+		expect(pollTimes).toEqual([]);
+		await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1);
+		expect(pollTimes).toEqual([startTime.getTime() + 5000]);
+
+		await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5000);
+		await expect(credentialPromise).resolves.toEqual({
+			type: "oauth",
+			access: "access-token",
+			refresh: "refresh-token",
+			expires: startTime.getTime() + 10000 + 3600 * 1000,
+		});
+		expect(pollTimes).toEqual([startTime.getTime() + 5000, startTime.getTime() + 10000]);
+	});
+
+	it("fails when the device code expires", async () => {
+		vi.useFakeTimers();
+		vi.stubGlobal(
+			"fetch",
+			vi.fn(async (input: unknown): Promise<Response> => {
+				const url = getUrl(input);
+				if (url === `${OAUTH_HOST}/api/oauth/device_authorization`) {
+					return deviceAuthorizationResponse();
+				}
+				if (url === `${OAUTH_HOST}/api/oauth/token`) {
+					return jsonResponse({ error: "expired_token" }, 400);
+				}
+				throw new Error(`Unexpected fetch URL: ${url}`);
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const credentialPromise = kimiCodingOAuth.login(createInteraction([]));
+		const assertion = expect(credentialPromise).rejects.toThrow("expired");
+		await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5000);
+		await assertion;
+	});
+
+	it("fails when the user denies the login", async () => {
+		vi.useFakeTimers();
+		vi.stubGlobal(
+			"fetch",
+			vi.fn(async (input: unknown): Promise<Response> => {
+				const url = getUrl(input);
+				if (url === `${OAUTH_HOST}/api/oauth/device_authorization`) {
+					return deviceAuthorizationResponse();
+				}
+				if (url === `${OAUTH_HOST}/api/oauth/token`) {
+					return jsonResponse({ error: "access_denied" }, 400);
+				}
+				throw new Error(`Unexpected fetch URL: ${url}`);
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const credentialPromise = kimiCodingOAuth.login(createInteraction([]));
+		const assertion = expect(credentialPromise).rejects.toThrow("denied");
+		await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5000);
+		await assertion;
+	});
+
+	it("honors the KIMI_CODE_OAUTH_HOST override", async () => {
+		vi.useFakeTimers();
+		vi.stubEnv("KIMI_CODE_OAUTH_HOST", "https://auth.example.com/");
+
+		const urls: string[] = [];
+		vi.stubGlobal(
+			"fetch",
+			vi.fn(async (input: unknown): Promise<Response> => {
+				const url = getUrl(input);
+				urls.push(url);
+				if (url === "https://auth.example.com/api/oauth/device_authorization") {
+					return deviceAuthorizationResponse({ interval: 1 });
+				}
+				if (url === "https://auth.example.com/api/oauth/token") {
+					return jsonResponse({ access_token: "a", refresh_token: "r", expires_in: 60 });
+				}
+				throw new Error(`Unexpected fetch URL: ${url}`);
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const credentialPromise = kimiCodingOAuth.login(createInteraction([]));
+		await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
+		await expect(credentialPromise).resolves.toMatchObject({ access: "a", refresh: "r" });
+		expect(urls).toEqual([
+			"https://auth.example.com/api/oauth/device_authorization",
+			"https://auth.example.com/api/oauth/token",
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it("refreshes tokens and returns a Bearer header for requests", async () => {
+		vi.stubGlobal(
+			"fetch",
+			vi.fn(async (input: unknown, init?: RequestInit): Promise<Response> => {
+				const url = getUrl(input);
+				expect(url).toBe(`${OAUTH_HOST}/api/oauth/token`);
+				const params = new URLSearchParams(String(init?.body));
+				expect(params.get("grant_type")).toBe("refresh_token");
+				expect(params.get("refresh_token")).toBe("old-refresh");
+				expect(params.get("client_id")).toBe(CLIENT_ID);
+				return jsonResponse({ access_token: "new-access", refresh_token: "new-refresh", expires_in: 3600 });
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const before = Date.now();
+		const credential = await kimiCodingOAuth.refresh({
+			type: "oauth",
+			access: "old-access",
+			refresh: "old-refresh",
+			expires: before,
+		});
+		expect(credential).toEqual({
+			type: "oauth",
+			access: "new-access",
+			refresh: "new-refresh",
+			expires: expect.any(Number),
+		});
+		expect(credential.expires).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(before + 3600 * 1000);
+
+		await expect(kimiCodingOAuth.toAuth(credential)).resolves.toEqual({
+			headers: { Authorization: "Bearer new-access" },
+		});
+	});
+
+	it("retries refresh on 429 and fails unauthorized on invalid_grant", async () => {
+		vi.useFakeTimers();
+
+		// 429 once, then success.
+		let calls = 0;
+		vi.stubGlobal(
+			"fetch",
+			vi.fn(async (): Promise<Response> => {
+				calls += 1;
+				if (calls === 1) return jsonResponse({ error: "temporarily_unavailable" }, 429);
+				return jsonResponse({ access_token: "a", refresh_token: "r", expires_in: 60 });
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const refreshPromise = kimiCodingOAuth.refresh({
+			type: "oauth",
+			access: "old",
+			refresh: "old",
+			expires: 0,
+		});
+		await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
+		await expect(refreshPromise).resolves.toMatchObject({ access: "a" });
+		expect(calls).toBe(2);
+
+		// invalid_grant is not retried.
+		vi.stubGlobal(
+			"fetch",
+			vi.fn(async (): Promise<Response> => jsonResponse({ error: "invalid_grant" }, 400)),
+		);
+		await expect(
+			kimiCodingOAuth.refresh({ type: "oauth", access: "old", refresh: "old", expires: 0 }),
+		).rejects.toThrow("unauthorized");
+	});
+});