diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e26dfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manifest.toml b/Manifest.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc62edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manifest.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This file is machine-generated - editing it directly is not advised
+
+julia_version = "1.8.5"
+manifest_format = "2.0"
+project_hash = "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709"
+
+[deps]
diff --git a/src/SNNUtils.jl b/src/SNNUtils.jl
index 256277c..30f4a35 100644
--- a/src/SNNUtils.jl
+++ b/src/SNNUtils.jl
@@ -1,5 +1,470 @@
 module SNNUtils
 
-greet() = print("Hello World!")
+export updateVector!, resetParams!, resetParams_noWChange!
 
-end # module SNNUtils
+#using Statistics, Random
+
+# using ..Types, ..Utils
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100
+
+mul!(x::AbstractVector, y::AbstractVector) = x .*= y
+mul(x::AbstractVector, y::AbstractVector) = x .* y
+
+ReLu(x::Number) = max(0, x)
+
+updateVector!(x::AbstractVector, target::Number) = x .= target 
+updateVector!(x::AbstractVector, target::AbstractArray) = x .= target 
+# selectAdd(x::AbstractVector, ind::AbstractVector, value::AbstractVector) = @. x + (ind * value)
+function selectAdd!(x::AbstractVector, ind::AbstractVector, value::AbstractVector)
+    @. x = x + (ind * value)
+end
+
+function timestepForward!(kfn::knowledgeFn)
+    kfn.zt_1 .= kfn.zt0
+    kfn.zt0 .= 0
+    kfn.on_out_t_1 .= kfn.on_out_t0
+    kfn.on_out_t0 .= 0
+
+    kfn.lif_vt_1 .= kfn.lif_vt0
+    kfn.lif_vt0 .= 0
+    kfn.lif_zt_1 .= kfn.lif_zt0
+    kfn.lif_zt0 .= 0
+    # kfn.lif_epsilonInV_t_1 = deepcopy(kfn.lif_epsilonInV_t0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_epsilonInV_t0, 0.0)
+    # kfn.lif_epsilonRecV_t_1 = deepcopy(kfn.lif_epsilonRecV_t0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_epsilonRecV_t0, 0.0)
+
+    kfn.alif_vt_1 .= kfn.alif_vt0
+    kfn.alif_vt0 .= 0
+    kfn.alif_zt_1 .= kfn.alif_zt0
+    kfn.alif_zt0 .= 0
+    kfn.alif_phi_t_1 .= kfn.alif_phi_t0
+    kfn.alif_phi_t0 .= 0
+    kfn.alif_epsilonInV_t_1 = deepcopy(kfn.alif_epsilonInV_t0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonInV_t0, 0.0)
+    kfn.alif_epsilonInA_t_1 = deepcopy(kfn.alif_epsilonInA_t0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonInA_t0, 0.0)
+    kfn.alif_epsilonRecV_t_1 = deepcopy(kfn.alif_epsilonRecV_t0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonRecV_t0, 0.0)
+    kfn.alif_epsilonRecA_t_1 = deepcopy(kfn.alif_epsilonRecA_t0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonRecA_t0, 0.0)
+end
+
+function resetParams!(kfn::knowledgeFn)
+    updateVector!(kfn.zt_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.kfnError, 0.0)
+
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_lastFiringTime, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_refractoryState, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_vt_1, 0.0)
+    kfn.lif_vt0 .= 0
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_zt_1, 0.0)
+    kfn.lif_zt0 .= 
+    kfn.lif_phi_t0 .= 0
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_wInChange, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_wRecChange, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_wInChange_vReg, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_wRecChange_vReg, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_vRegIn_a, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_vRegIn_b, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_vRegInError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_vRegRec_a, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_vRegRec_b, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_vRegRecError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_fCounter, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_fRegDiff, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_fRegError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_inCount, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_ziCount, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_epsilonInV_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_epsilonRecV_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_eIn_timeAverage, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_eRec_timeAverage, 0.0)
+    kfn.lif_firingRate .= 0
+
+    
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_lastFiringTime, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_refractoryState, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_vt_1, 0.0)
+    kfn.alif_vt0 .= 0
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_zt_1, 0.0)
+    kfn.alif_zt0 .= 0
+    kfn.alif_phi_t_1 .= 0
+    kfn.alif_phi_t0 .= 0
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_wInChange, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_wRecChange, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_wInChange_vReg, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_wRecChange_vReg, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_vRegIn_a, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_vRegIn_b, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_vRegInError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_vRegRec_a, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_vRegRec_b, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_vRegRecError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_fCounter, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_fRegDiff, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_fRegError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_inCount, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_ziCount, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonInV_t_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonInV_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonInA_t_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonInA_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonRecV_t_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonRecV_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonRecA_t_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonRecA_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_eIn_timeAverage, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_eRec_timeAverage, 0.0)
+    kfn.alif_firingRate .= 0
+
+    updateVector!.(kfn.on_epsilonJ, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.on_epsilon_b, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.on_out_t_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.on_out_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.on_wOutChange, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.on_bChange, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.on_error, 0.0)
+end
+
+""" just like resetParams but does not reset wChange and bChange   
+"""
+function resetParams_noWChange!(kfn::knowledgeFn)
+    updateVector!(kfn.zt_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.kfnError, 0.0)
+
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_lastFiringTime, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_refractoryState, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_vt_1, 0.0)
+    kfn.lif_vt0 .= 0
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_zt_1, 0.0)
+    kfn.lif_zt0 .= 
+    kfn.lif_phi_t0 .= 0
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_vRegIn_a, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_vRegIn_b, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_vRegInError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_vRegRec_a, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_vRegRec_b, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_vRegRecError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_fCounter, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_fRegDiff, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.lif_fRegError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_inCount, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_ziCount, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_epsilonInV_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_epsilonRecV_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_eIn_timeAverage, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.lif_eRec_timeAverage, 0.0)
+    kfn.lif_firingRate .= 0
+
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_lastFiringTime, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_refractoryState, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_vt_1, 0.0)
+    kfn.alif_vt0 .= 0
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_zt_1, 0.0)
+    kfn.alif_zt0 .= 0
+    kfn.alif_phi_t_1 .= 0
+    kfn.alif_phi_t0 .= 0
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_vRegIn_a, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_vRegIn_b, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_vRegInError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_vRegRec_a, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_vRegRec_b, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_vRegRecError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_fCounter, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_fRegDiff, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.alif_fRegError, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_inCount, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_ziCount, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonInV_t_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonInV_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonInA_t_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonInA_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonRecV_t_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonRecV_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonRecA_t_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_epsilonRecA_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_eIn_timeAverage, 0.0)
+    updateVector!.(kfn.alif_eRec_timeAverage, 0.0)
+    kfn.alif_firingRate .= 0
+
+    updateVector!.(kfn.on_epsilonJ, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.on_epsilon_b, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.on_out_t_1, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.on_out_t0, 0.0)
+    updateVector!(kfn.on_error, 0.0)
+end
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100
+
+firingRate!(fCounter, timeStamp) = (fCounter / timeStamp) * 1000
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100
+
+function cal_learningSignal(Bn::AbstractVector, error)
+    result = sum(Bn .* error)
+    return result
+end
+
+function neuroplasticity!(id::AbstractVector, wRec::AbstractVector,
+    subscriptionList::AbstractVector, neuronFiresList::AbstractVector, probController::Number) 
+
+    subOption = memberFilter.((neuronFiresList,), id, subscriptionList)
+    shuffle!.(subOption)
+    zeroMarker = Utils.Zero.(wRec)
+    notzeroMarker = Utils.notZero.(wRec)
+    mul!.(subscriptionList, notzeroMarker)
+
+    a = unmatchMul.(zeroMarker, subOption)
+    subscriptionList .+= a
+
+    # newConnectionPercent = 11 - ((probController / 0.0001) / 10) # percent is in range 0.1 to 10
+    newConnectionPercent = 11-((probController / 0.0001) / 10) # percent is in range 0.1 to 10
+    prob = [newConnectionPercent, 100.0 - newConnectionPercent] / 100.0
+    b = Utils.randomChoiceTarget.(zeroMarker, ([true, false],), (prob,)) .* (0.1*rand())
+    mul!.(wRec, notzeroMarker)
+    wRec .+= b
+end
+
+function memberFilter(vec::AbstractVector, excludeList1::Number, 
+                        excludeList2::AbstractVector) 
+    result = filter(x -> x ∉ excludeList1 && x ∉ excludeList2 , vec)
+    return result
+end
+
+""" x is primary dimension
+"""
+function unmatchMul(x::AbstractVector, y::AbstractVector)
+    # sometime length of x is larger than y, because no neuron fires. Increae total neuron number
+    if length(y) >= length(x)
+        a = @view y[1:length(x)]  
+        x = x .* a
+        return x
+    else
+        # a = [1:length(x)...]
+        # x = x .* a
+        # return x
+    end
+end
+
+function unmatchMul!(x::AbstractVector, y::AbstractVector)
+    a = @view y[1:length(x)]
+    x .*= a
+end
+
+function refractoryState!(refractoryState::Number, timeStamp::Number,
+                                    lastFiringTime::Number, refractoryDuration::Number)
+
+    if refractoryState == 1 && timeStamp - lastFiringTime <= refractoryDuration
+        # skip
+    else
+        refractoryState = 0
+    end
+
+    return refractoryState
+end
+
+function refractoryStateUpdate(refractoryState::Number, zt0::Number)
+    if refractoryState == 0 && zt0 == 0
+        return 0
+    elseif refractoryState == 0 && zt0 == 1
+        return 1
+    elseif refractoryState == 1 && zt0 == 0
+        return 1
+    else
+        error("invalid neuron refractory status")
+    end
+end
+
+lastFiringTimeUpdate!(lastFiringTime::Number, zt1::Number, timeStamp::Number) = 
+                        zt1 == 1 ? lastFiringTime = timeStamp : lastFiringTime
+
+fCounter!(fCounter::Number, zt1::Number) = 
+                zt1 == 1 ? fCounter += 1 : fCounter
+
+# function zit(refractoryState::Number, zt0::AbstractVector, 
+#                 subscriptionList::AbstractVector)
+
+#     return refractoryState == 1 ? zt0 * 0.0 : subscriptionList .* zt0
+# end
+
+function getNeuronFires(refractoryState::Number, zt0::AbstractVector, 
+            subscriptionList::AbstractVector)
+
+    return refractoryState == 1 ? zt0 * 0.0 : subscriptionList .* zt0
+end
+
+function incomingSignal(inputSignal::AbstractVector, weight::AbstractVector)
+    return sum(weight .* inputSignal)
+end
+
+function neuronFiring(refractoryState::Number, inputSignal::Number, vt::Number, vth::Number)
+    vt1 = inputSignal + vt
+
+    return refractoryState == 0 && vt1 > vth ? 1 : 0
+end
+
+function membranePotential(timeStamp::Number,
+            refractoryState::Number,
+            alpha::Number,  
+            vt0::Number,
+            zt0::Number,
+            recurrentSignal::Number,
+            inputSignal::Number,
+            lastFiringTime::Number)
+    if refractoryState == 1   # exponantial decay
+        # vt1 = vt0 * (1 - alpha^(timeStamp - lastFiringTime)) # or n.v_t1 = n.alpha * n.v_t
+        vt1 = Utils.expDecay(vt0, alpha, timeStamp - lastFiringTime)
+    else
+        vt1 = (alpha * vt0) + recurrentSignal + inputSignal - zt0
+    end
+    if vt1 === NaN
+        println("vt1 is NaN")
+    end
+
+    return vt1
+end
+
+# function cal_ziCount(refractoryState::Number, alpha::Number, ziCount::AbstractVector,
+#                     zit::AbstractVector)
+
+#     if refractoryState == 1
+#         return alpha .* ziCount
+#     else
+#         return (alpha .* ziCount) + zit
+#     end
+# end
+
+function temporalFilter(refractoryState::Number, decayConstant::Number, 
+                        previousTemporalAverage::AbstractVector,
+                        discreteSignal::AbstractVector)
+    if refractoryState == 1
+        return decayConstant .* previousTemporalAverage
+    else
+        return (decayConstant .* previousTemporalAverage) + discreteSignal
+    end
+end
+
+# function pseudoGradient(refractoryState::Number, gammaPd::Number, vt1::Number, vth::Number)
+#     if refractoryState == 1
+#         return 0
+#     else
+#         return (gammaPd / vth) * max(0, 1 - ((vt1 - vth) / vth))
+#     end
+# end
+
+function pseudoGradient(refractoryState::Number, gammaPd::Number, vt1::Number, vth::Number)
+    return (gammaPd / vth) * max(0, 1 - ((vt1 - vth) / vth))
+end
+
+# function lif_eligibilityTrace(refractoryState::Number, phi::Number, epsilonRecV::AbstractVector)
+#     if refractoryState == 1
+#         return 0.0 .* epsilonRecV
+#     else
+#         return phi .* epsilonRecV
+#     end
+# end
+
+function lif_eligibilityTrace(refractoryState::Number, phi::Number, epsilonRecV::AbstractVector)
+    return phi .* epsilonRecV
+end
+
+function cal_expDecay(zt1::Number, vt1::Number, alpha::Number; timePass::Number=1) 
+    vt1 = zt1 == 1 ? Utils.expDecay(vt1, alpha, timePass) : vt1  # exponantial decay
+    return vt1
+end
+
+# function getZit!(zit::AbstractVector, subscriptionList::AbstractVector, kfn_zt0::AbstractVector)
+#     zit .= getindex(kfn_zt0, subscriptionList)
+# end
+
+function thresholdAdaptation(a::Number, rho::Number, zt0) 
+   return  (rho * a) + ((1 - rho) * zt0)
+end
+
+# function avth(refractoryState::Number, avth::Number, a::Number, vth::Number, 
+#                     beta::Number)
+#     return refractoryState == 1 ? avth : vth + (beta * a)
+# end
+
+function avth(refractoryState::Number, avth::Number, a::Number, vth::Number, beta::Number)
+    return vth + (beta * a)
+end
+
+# function alif_eligibilityTrace(refractoryState::Number, phi::Number, 
+#     beta::Number, epsilonV_t0::AbstractVector, epsilonRecA::AbstractVector)
+#     if refractoryState == 1
+#         return 0.0 .* epsilonV_t0
+#     else
+#         return phi .* (epsilonV_t0 - (beta .* epsilonRecA))
+#     end
+# end
+
+function alif_eligibilityTrace(refractoryState::Number, phi::Number, 
+    beta::Number, epsilonV_t0::AbstractVector, epsilonRecA::AbstractVector)
+    return phi .* (epsilonV_t0 - (beta .* epsilonRecA))
+end
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+# function neuroplasticity!(id::AbstractVector, wRec::AbstractVector,
+#                          subscriptionList::AbstractVector, neuronFiresList::AbstractVector) 
+
+#     subOption = memberFilter.((neuronFiresList,), id, subscriptionList)
+#     shuffle!.(subOption)
+#     zeroMarker = Utils.Zero.(wRec)
+#     notzeroMarker = Utils.notZero.(wRec)
+
+#     a = unmatchMul.(zeroMarker, subOption)
+#     mul!.(subscriptionList, notzeroMarker)
+#     subscriptionList .+= a
+
+#     # b = zeroMarker * 0.01 # new connection's initial weight
+#     b = zeroMarker * 0.1
+#     mul!.(wRec, notzeroMarker)
+#     wRec .+= b
+# end
+
+
+function randomNewWeight!(membranePotential::Number, weights::AbstractVector, 
+                            threshold::Number)
+    if membranePotential < threshold
+        return weights .= randn(length(weights))
+    end
+end
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+end     # end module
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/interface.jl b/src/interface.jl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29