diff --git a/src/learn.jl b/src/learn.jl
index dfbcc85..2bf68a1 100644
--- a/src/learn.jl
+++ b/src/learn.jl
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ function lifComputeParamsChange!(   phi::CuArray,
                                     arrayProjection4d::CuArray,
                                     nError::CuArray,
                                     modelError::CuArray)
+
+    # Bₖⱼ in paper, sum() to get each neuron's total wOut weight
     wOutSum = sum(wOut, dims=3) .* arrayProjection4d
 
     # nError a.k.a. learning signal use dopamine concept, 
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ function lifComputeParamsChange!(   phi::CuArray,
     nError .= (modelError .* arrayProjection4d) .* wOutSum
     eRec .= phi .* epsilonRec
     # GeneralUtils.isNotEqual(wRec, 0) is a subscribe filter use to filter out non-subscribed wRecChange
-    wRecChange .+= ((-1 .* eta) .* nError .* eRec) .* GeneralUtils.isNotEqual.(wRec, 0)
+    wRecChange .+= ((-1 .* eta) .* nError .* eRec .* sign.(wRec)) .* GeneralUtils.isNotEqual.(wRec, 0)
     # error("DEBUG ->  lifComputeParamsChange!    $(Dates.now())")
 end
 
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@ function alifComputeParamsChange!(  phi::CuArray,
                                     modelError::CuArray,
                                     beta::CuArray)
 
+    # Bₖⱼ in paper, sum() to get each neuron's total wOut weight
     wOutSum = sum(wOut, dims=3) .* arrayProjection4d
 
     # nError a.k.a. learning signal use dopamine concept, 
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ function alifComputeParamsChange!(  phi::CuArray,
     eRec .= (phi .* epsilonRec) .+ (phi .* epsilonRec .* beta)
 
     # GeneralUtils.isNotEqual(wRec, 0) is a subscribe filter use to filter out non-subscribed wRecChange
-    wRecChange .+= ((-1 .* eta) .* nError .* eRec)  .* GeneralUtils.isNotEqual.(wRec, 0)
+    wRecChange .+= ((-1 .* eta) .* nError .* eRec .* sign.(wRec))  .* GeneralUtils.isNotEqual.(wRec, 0)
     # error("DEBUG ->  alifComputeParamsChange!    $(Dates.now())")
 end
 
@@ -101,7 +104,7 @@ function onComputeParamsChange!(phi::CuArray,
     eRec .= (phi .* epsilonRec) .* reshape(outputError, (1, 1, :, size(epsilonRec, 4)))
     
     # GeneralUtils.isNotEqual(wRec, 0) is a subscribe filter use to filter out non-subscribed wRecChange
-    wOutChange .+= ((-1 .* eta) .* eRec) .* GeneralUtils.isNotEqual.(wOut, 0)
+    wOutChange .+= ((-1 .* eta) .* eRec .* sign.(wOut)) .* GeneralUtils.isNotEqual.(wOut, 0)
 
     # error("DEBUG ->  onComputeParamsChange!    $(Dates.now())")
 end
@@ -249,6 +252,9 @@ function onLearn!(wOut,
     # merge learning weight
     wOut .+= (sum(wOutChange) ./ (size(wOut, 4))) .* arrayProjection4d
 
+    # adaptive wOut to help convergence using c_decay
+    wOut .-= 0.001 .* wOut  
+
     #TODO synaptic strength 
 
     #TODO neuroplasticity