diff --git a/src/forward.jl b/src/forward.jl
index d5f9498..1684606 100644
--- a/src/forward.jl
+++ b/src/forward.jl
@@ -15,16 +15,19 @@ function (kfn::kfn_1)(input::AbstractArray)
     
     kfn.timeStep .+= 1
     
-    #TODO time step forward
+    # what to do at the start of learning round
     if view(kfn.learningStage, 1)[1] == 1
         # reset learning params
         kfn.lif_vt .= 0
         kfn.lif_wRecChange .= 0
         kfn.lif_epsilonRec .= 0
+        kfn.lif_firingCounter .= 0
         
         kfn.alif_vt .= 0
         kfn.alif_epsilonRec .= 0
+        kfn.alif_epsilonRecA .= 0
         kfn.alif_wRecChange .= 0
+        kfn.alif_firingCounter .= 0
 
         kfn.on_vt .= 0
         kfn.on_epsilonRec .= 0
diff --git a/src/learn.jl b/src/learn.jl
index f147b2a..d5213a9 100644
--- a/src/learn.jl
+++ b/src/learn.jl
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ function compute_paramsChange!(kfn::kfn_1, modelError, outputError)
                             kfn.lif_eRec,
                             kfn.lif_wRec,
                             kfn.lif_wRecChange,
-                            kfn.on_wOut, 
+                            kfn.on_wOut,
+                            kfn.lif_firingCounter,
+                            kfn.lif_firingTargetFrequency,
                             kfn.lif_arrayProjection4d,
                             kfn.lif_error,
                             modelError,
@@ -30,7 +32,9 @@ function compute_paramsChange!(kfn::kfn_1, modelError, outputError)
                              kfn.alif_eRec,
                              kfn.alif_wRec,
                              kfn.alif_wRecChange,
-                             kfn.on_wOut, 
+                             kfn.on_wOut,
+                             kfn.alif_firingCounter,
+                             kfn.alif_firingTargetFrequency,
                              kfn.alif_arrayProjection4d,
                              kfn.alif_error,
                              modelError,
@@ -59,6 +63,8 @@ function lifComputeParamsChange!(   phi::CuArray,
                                     wRec::CuArray,
                                     wRecChange::CuArray,
                                     wOut::CuArray,
+                                    firingCounter::CuArray,
+                                    firingTargetFrequency::CuArray,
                                     arrayProjection4d::CuArray,
                                     nError::CuArray,
                                     modelError::CuArray,
@@ -81,6 +87,8 @@ function lifComputeParamsChange!(   phi::CuArray,
     eRec .= phi .* epsilonRec
     wRecChange .+= (-eta .* nError .* eRec)
 
+    #TODO frequency regulator
+
     # reset epsilonRec
     epsilonRec .= 0
 end
@@ -92,6 +100,8 @@ function alifComputeParamsChange!(  phi::CuArray,
                                     wRec::CuArray,
                                     wRecChange::CuArray,
                                     wOut::CuArray,
+                                    firingCounter::CuArray,
+                                    firingTargetFrequency::CuArray,
                                     arrayProjection4d::CuArray,
                                     nError::CuArray,
                                     modelError::CuArray,
@@ -114,6 +124,8 @@ function alifComputeParamsChange!(  phi::CuArray,
     eRec .= phi .* (epsilonRec .- (beta .* epsilonRecA))    # use eq. 25
     wRecChange .+= (-eta .* nError .* eRec)
 
+    #TODO frequency regulator
+
     # reset epsilonRec
     epsilonRec .= 0
     epsilonRecA .= 0
diff --git a/src/type.jl b/src/type.jl
index ec1a905..2bdac00 100644
--- a/src/type.jl
+++ b/src/type.jl
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ Base.@kwdef mutable struct kfn_1 <: knowledgeFn
     lif_subscription::Union{AbstractArray, Nothing} = nothing
 
     lif_firingCounter::Union{AbstractArray, Nothing} = nothing
+    lif_firingTargetFrequency::Union{AbstractArray, Nothing} = nothing
     
     # pre-allocation array
     lif_arrayProjection4d::Union{AbstractArray, Nothing} = nothing  # use to project 3d array to 4d
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ Base.@kwdef mutable struct kfn_1 <: knowledgeFn
     alif_subscription::Union{AbstractArray, Nothing} = nothing
 
     alif_firingCounter::Union{AbstractArray, Nothing} = nothing
+    alif_firingTargetFrequency::Union{AbstractArray, Nothing} = nothing
     
     # pre-allocation array
     alif_arrayProjection4d::Union{AbstractArray, Nothing} = nothing  # use to project 3d array to 4d
@@ -215,6 +217,7 @@ function kfn_1(params::Dict; device=cpu)
     kfn.lif_subscription = (GeneralUtils.isNotEqual.(kfn.lif_wRec, 0)) |> device
 
     kfn.lif_firingCounter = (similar(kfn.lif_wRec) .= 0)               |> device
+    kfn.lif_firingTargetFrequency = (similar(kfn.lif_wRec) .= 80)               |> device
 
     kfn.lif_arrayProjection4d = (similar(kfn.lif_wRec) .= 1)      |> device
     kfn.lif_recSignal = (similar(kfn.lif_wRec) .= 0)                  |> device
@@ -262,6 +265,7 @@ function kfn_1(params::Dict; device=cpu)
     kfn.alif_subscription = (GeneralUtils.isNotEqual.(kfn.alif_wRec, 0))     |> device
 
     kfn.alif_firingCounter = (similar(kfn.alif_wRec) .= 0)               |> device
+    kfn.alif_firingTargetFrequency = (similar(kfn.alif_wRec) .= 80)               |> device
 
     kfn.alif_arrayProjection4d = (similar(kfn.alif_wRec) .= 1)      |> device
     kfn.alif_recSignal = (similar(kfn.alif_wRec) .= 0)                  |> device