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Basic Installation
==================
These are installation instructions for Readline-8.2.
The simplest way to compile readline is:
1. `cd' to the directory containing the readline source code and type
`./configure' to configure readline for your system. If you're
using `csh' on an old version of System V, you might need to type
`sh ./configure' instead to prevent `csh' from trying to execute
`configure' itself.
Running `configure' takes some time. While running, it prints some
messages telling which features it is checking for.
2. Type `make' to compile readline and build the static readline
and history libraries. If supported, the shared readline and history
libraries will be built also. See below for instructions on compiling
the other parts of the distribution. Typing `make everything' will
cause the static and shared libraries (if supported) and the example
programs to be built.
3. Type `make install' to install the static readline and history
libraries, the readline include files, the documentation, and, if
supported, the shared readline and history libraries.
4. You can remove the created libraries and object files from the
build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the
files that `configure' created (so you can compile readline for
a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'. There is
also a `make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly
for the readline developers, and should be used with care.
The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for
various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It
uses those values to create a `Makefile' in the build directory,
and Makefiles in the `doc', `shlib', and `examples'
subdirectories. It also creates a `config.h' file containing
system-dependent definitions. Finally, it creates a shell script
`config.status' that you can run in the future to recreate the
current configuration, a file `config.cache' that saves the
results of its tests to speed up reconfiguring, and a file
`config.log' containing compiler output (useful mainly for
debugging `configure').
If you need to do unusual things to compile readline, please try
to figure out how `configure' could check whether to do them, and
mail diffs or instructions to <bug-readline@gnu.org> so they can
be considered for the next release. If at some point
`config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you may
remove or edit it.
The file `configure.in' is used to create `configure' by a
program called `autoconf'. You only need `configure.in' if you
want to change it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version
of `autoconf'. The readline `configure.in' requires autoconf
version 2.69 or newer.
Compilers and Options
=====================
Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that
the `configure' script does not know about. You can give `configure'
initial values for variables by setting them in the environment. Using
a Bourne-compatible shell, you can do that on the command line like
this:
CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure
Or on systems that have the `env' program, you can do it like this:
env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure
Compiling For Multiple Architectures
====================================
You can compile readline for more than one kind of computer at the
same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
own directory. To do this, you must use a version of `make' that
supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. `cd' to the
directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
the `configure' script. `configure' automatically checks for the
source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'.
If you have to use a `make' that does not supports the `VPATH'
variable, you have to compile readline for one architecture at a
time in the source code directory. After you have installed
readline for one architecture, use `make distclean' before
reconfiguring for another architecture.
Installation Names
==================
By default, `make install' will install the readline libraries in
`/usr/local/lib', the include files in
`/usr/local/include/readline', the man pages in `/usr/local/man',
and the info files in `/usr/local/info'. You can specify an
installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving `configure'
the option `--prefix=PATH' or by supplying a value for the
DESTDIR variable when running `make install'.
You can specify separate installation prefixes for
architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.
If you give `configure' the option `--exec-prefix=PATH', the
readline Makefiles will use PATH as the prefix for installing the
libraries. Documentation and other data files will still use the
regular prefix.
Specifying the System Type
==========================
There may be some features `configure' can not figure out
automatically, but need to determine by the type of host readline
will run on. Usually `configure' can figure that out, but if it
prints a message saying it can not guess the host type, give it
the `--host=TYPE' option. TYPE can either be a short name for
the system type, such as `sun4', or a canonical name with three
fields: CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM (e.g., i386-unknown-freebsd4.2).
See the file `config.sub' for the possible values of each field.
Sharing Defaults
================
If you want to set default values for `configure' scripts to share,
you can create a site shell script called `config.site' that gives
default values for variables like `CC', `cache_file', and `prefix'.
`configure' looks for `PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then
`PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists. Or, you can set the
`CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script.
A warning: the readline `configure' looks for a site script, but not
all `configure' scripts do.
Operation Controls
==================
`configure' recognizes the following options to control how it
operates.
`--cache-file=FILE'
Use and save the results of the tests in FILE instead of
`./config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to disable caching, for
debugging `configure'.
`--help'
Print a summary of the options to `configure', and exit.
`--quiet'
`--silent'
`-q'
Do not print messages saying which checks are being made.
`--srcdir=DIR'
Look for the package's source code in directory DIR. Usually
`configure' can determine that directory automatically.
`--version'
Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the `configure'
script, and exit.
`configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options.
Optional Features
=================
The readline `configure' recognizes two `--with-PACKAGE' options:
`--with-curses'
This tells readline that it can find the termcap library functions
(tgetent, et al.) in the curses library, rather than a separate
termcap library. Readline uses the termcap functions, but does not
usually link with the termcap or curses library itself, allowing
applications which link with readline the to choose an appropriate
library. This option tells readline to link the example programs with
the curses library rather than libtermcap.
`--with-shared-termcap-library'
This tells the readline build process to link the shared version of
libreadline against a shared version of the curses or termcap library
(see the description of SHLIB_LIBS below under `Shared Libraries').
This relieves the application of having to link with curses or termcap
itself, but does not allow the application to choose which library to
use. This is only effective on systems that build shared libraries (see
below; the default for shared libraries is `yes').
`configure' also recognizes several `--enable-FEATURE' options:
`--enable-bracketed-paste-default'
Enable bracketed paste by default, so the initial value of the
`enable-bracketed-paste' Readline variable is `on'. The default
is `yes'.
`--enable-install-examples'
Install the readline example programs as part of `make install'.
`--enable-multibyte'
Build with support for multibyte characters enabled on systems with the
necessary framework (locale definitions, C library functions, etc.). The
default is `yes'.
`--enable-shared'
Build the shared libraries by default on supported platforms. The
default is `yes'.
`--enable-static'
Build the static libraries by default. The default is `yes'.
Shared Libraries
================
There is support for building shared versions of the readline and
history libraries. The configure script creates a Makefile in
the `shlib' subdirectory, and typing `make shared' will cause
shared versions of the readline and history libraries to be built
on supported platforms.
If `configure' is given the `--enable-shared' option, it will attempt
to build the shared libraries by default on supported platforms. This
option is enabled by default.
Configure calls the script support/shobj-conf to test whether or
not shared library creation is supported and to generate the values
of variables that are substituted into shlib/Makefile. If you
try to build shared libraries on an unsupported platform, `make'
will display a message asking you to update support/shobj-conf for
your platform.
If you need to update support/shobj-conf, you will need to create
a `stanza' for your operating system and compiler. The script uses
the value of host_os and ${CC} as determined by configure. For
instance, FreeBSD 4.2 with any version of gcc is identified as
`freebsd4.2-gcc*'.
In the stanza for your operating system-compiler pair, you will need to
define several variables. They are:
SHOBJ_CC The C compiler used to compile source files into shareable
object files. This is normally set to the value of ${CC}
by configure, and should not need to be changed.
SHOBJ_CFLAGS Flags to pass to the C compiler ($SHOBJ_CC) to create
position-independent code. If you are using gcc, this
should probably be set to `-fpic'.
SHOBJ_LD The link editor to be used to create the shared library from
the object files created by $SHOBJ_CC. If you are using
gcc, a value of `gcc' will probably work.
SHOBJ_LDFLAGS Flags to pass to SHOBJ_LD to enable shared object creation.
If you are using gcc, `-shared' may be all that is necessary.
These should be the flags needed for generic shared object
creation.
SHLIB_XLDFLAGS Additional flags to pass to SHOBJ_LD for shared library
creation. Many systems use the -R option to the link
editor to embed a path within the library for run-time
library searches. A reasonable value for such systems would
be `-R$(libdir)'.
SHLIB_LIBS Any additional libraries that shared libraries should be
linked against when they are created.
SHLIB_LIBPREF The prefix to use when generating the filename of the shared
library. The default is `lib'; Cygwin uses `cyg'.
SHLIB_LIBSUFF The suffix to add to `libreadline' and `libhistory' when
generating the filename of the shared library. Many systems
use `so'; HP-UX uses `sl'.
SHLIB_LIBVERSION The string to append to the filename to indicate the version
of the shared library. It should begin with $(SHLIB_LIBSUFF),
and possibly include version information that allows the
run-time loader to load the version of the shared library
appropriate for a particular program. Systems using shared
libraries similar to SunOS 4.x use major and minor library
version numbers; for those systems a value of
`$(SHLIB_LIBSUFF).$(SHLIB_MAJOR)$(SHLIB_MINOR)' is appropriate.
Systems based on System V Release 4 don't use minor version
numbers; use `$(SHLIB_LIBSUFF).$(SHLIB_MAJOR)' on those systems.
Other Unix versions use different schemes.
SHLIB_DLLVERSION The version number for shared libraries that determines API
compatibility between readline versions and the underlying
system. Used only on Cygwin. Defaults to $SHLIB_MAJOR, but
can be overridden at configuration time by defining DLLVERSION
in the environment.
SHLIB_DOT The character used to separate the name of the shared library
from the suffix and version information. The default is `.';
systems like Cygwin which don't separate version information
from the library name should set this to the empty string.
SHLIB_STATUS Set this to `supported' when you have defined the other
necessary variables. Make uses this to determine whether
or not shared library creation should be attempted. If
shared libraries are not supported, this will be set to
`unsupported'.
You should look at the existing stanzas in support/shobj-conf for ideas.
Once you have updated support/shobj-conf, re-run configure and type
`make shared' or `make'. The shared libraries will be created in the
shlib subdirectory.
If shared libraries are created, `make install' will install them.
You may install only the shared libraries by running `make
install-shared' from the top-level build directory. Running `make
install' in the shlib subdirectory will also work. If you don't want
to install any created shared libraries, run `make install-static'.

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Introduction
============
This is the Gnu Readline library, version 8.2.
The Readline library provides a set of functions for use by applications
that allow users to edit command lines as they are typed in. Both
Emacs and vi editing modes are available. The Readline library includes
additional functions to maintain a list of previously-entered command
lines, to recall and perhaps reedit those lines, and perform csh-like
history expansion on previous commands.
The history facilities are also placed into a separate library, the
History library, as part of the build process. The History library
may be used without Readline in applications which desire its
capabilities.
The Readline library is free software, distributed under the terms of
the [GNU] General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation, version 3 of the License. For more information, see the
file COPYING.
To build the library, try typing `./configure', then `make'. The
configuration process is automated, so no further intervention should
be necessary. Readline builds with `gcc' by default if it is
available. If you want to use `cc' instead, type
CC=cc ./configure
if you are using a Bourne-style shell. If you are not, the following
may work:
env CC=cc ./configure
Read the file INSTALL in this directory for more information about how
to customize and control the build process.
The file rlconf.h contains C preprocessor defines that enable and disable
certain Readline features.
The special make target `everything' will build the static and shared
libraries (if the target platform supports them) and the examples.
Examples
========
There are several example programs that use Readline features in the
examples directory. The `rl' program is of particular interest. It
is a command-line interface to Readline, suitable for use in shell
scripts in place of `read'.
Shared Libraries
================
There is skeletal support for building shared versions of the
Readline and History libraries. The configure script creates
a Makefile in the `shlib' subdirectory, and typing `make shared'
will cause shared versions of the Readline and History libraries
to be built on supported platforms.
If `configure' is given the `--enable-shared' option, it will attempt
to build the shared libraries by default on supported platforms.
Configure calls the script support/shobj-conf to test whether or
not shared library creation is supported and to generate the values
of variables that are substituted into shlib/Makefile. If you
try to build shared libraries on an unsupported platform, `make'
will display a message asking you to update support/shobj-conf for
your platform.
If you need to update support/shobj-conf, you will need to create
a `stanza' for your operating system and compiler. The script uses
the value of host_os and ${CC} as determined by configure. For
instance, FreeBSD 4.2 with any version of gcc is identified as
`freebsd4.2-gcc*'.
In the stanza for your operating system-compiler pair, you will need to
define several variables. They are:
SHOBJ_CC The C compiler used to compile source files into shareable
object files. This is normally set to the value of ${CC}
by configure, and should not need to be changed.
SHOBJ_CFLAGS Flags to pass to the C compiler ($SHOBJ_CC) to create
position-independent code. If you are using gcc, this
should probably be set to `-fpic'.
SHOBJ_LD The link editor to be used to create the shared library from
the object files created by $SHOBJ_CC. If you are using
gcc, a value of `gcc' will probably work.
SHOBJ_LDFLAGS Flags to pass to SHOBJ_LD to enable shared object creation.
If you are using gcc, `-shared' may be all that is necessary.
These should be the flags needed for generic shared object
creation.
SHLIB_XLDFLAGS Additional flags to pass to SHOBJ_LD for shared library
creation. Many systems use the -R option to the link
editor to embed a path within the library for run-time
library searches. A reasonable value for such systems would
be `-R$(libdir)'.
SHLIB_LIBS Any additional libraries that shared libraries should be
linked against when they are created.
SHLIB_LIBPREF The prefix to use when generating the filename of the shared
library. The default is `lib'; Cygwin uses `cyg'.
SHLIB_LIBSUFF The suffix to add to `libreadline' and `libhistory' when
generating the filename of the shared library. Many systems
use `so'; HP-UX uses `sl'.
SHLIB_LIBVERSION The string to append to the filename to indicate the version
of the shared library. It should begin with $(SHLIB_LIBSUFF),
and possibly include version information that allows the
run-time loader to load the version of the shared library
appropriate for a particular program. Systems using shared
libraries similar to SunOS 4.x use major and minor library
version numbers; for those systems a value of
`$(SHLIB_LIBSUFF).$(SHLIB_MAJOR)$(SHLIB_MINOR)' is appropriate.
Systems based on System V Release 4 don't use minor version
numbers; use `$(SHLIB_LIBSUFF).$(SHLIB_MAJOR)' on those systems.
Other Unix versions use different schemes.
SHLIB_DLLVERSION The version number for shared libraries that determines API
compatibility between readline versions and the underlying
system. Used only on Cygwin. Defaults to $SHLIB_MAJOR, but
can be overridden at configuration time by defining DLLVERSION
in the environment.
SHLIB_DOT The character used to separate the name of the shared library
from the suffix and version information. The default is `.';
systems like Cygwin which don't separate version information
from the library name should set this to the empty string.
SHLIB_STATUS Set this to `supported' when you have defined the other
necessary variables. Make uses this to determine whether
or not shared library creation should be attempted.
You should look at the existing stanzas in support/shobj-conf for ideas.
Once you have updated support/shobj-conf, re-run configure and type
`make shared'. The shared libraries will be created in the shlib
subdirectory.
If shared libraries are created, `make install' will install them.
You may install only the shared libraries by running `make
install-shared' from the top-level build directory. Running `make
install' in the shlib subdirectory will also work. If you don't want
to install any created shared libraries, run `make install-static'.
Documentation
=============
The documentation for the Readline and History libraries appears in
the `doc' subdirectory. There are three texinfo files and a
Unix-style manual page describing the facilities available in the
Readline library. The texinfo files include both user and
programmer's manuals. HTML versions of the manuals appear in the
`doc' subdirectory as well.
Usage
=====
Our position on the use of Readline through a shared-library linking
mechanism is that there is no legal difference between shared-library
linking and static linking--either kind of linking combines various
modules into a single larger work. The conditions for using Readline
in a larger work are stated in section 3 of the GNU GPL.
Reporting Bugs
==============
Bug reports for Readline should be sent to:
bug-readline@gnu.org
When reporting a bug, please include the following information:
* the version number and release status of Readline (e.g., 4.2-release)
* the machine and OS that it is running on
* a list of the compilation flags or the contents of `config.h', if
appropriate
* a description of the bug
* a recipe for recreating the bug reliably
* a fix for the bug if you have one!
If you would like to contact the Readline maintainer directly, send mail
to bash-maintainers@gnu.org.
Since Readline is developed along with bash, the bug-bash@gnu.org mailing
list (mirrored to the Usenet newsgroup gnu.bash.bug) often contains
Readline bug reports and fixes.
Chet Ramey
chet.ramey@case.edu

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Authors of XZ Utils
===================
XZ Utils is developed and maintained by Lasse Collin
<lasse.collin@tukaani.org> and Jia Tan <jiat0218@gmail.com>.
Major parts of liblzma are based on code written by Igor Pavlov,
specifically the LZMA SDK <https://7-zip.org/sdk.html>. Without
this code, XZ Utils wouldn't exist.
The SHA-256 implementation in liblzma is based on the code found from
7-Zip <https://7-zip.org/>, which has a modified version of the SHA-256
code found from Crypto++ <https://www.cryptopp.com/>. The SHA-256 code
in Crypto++ was written by Kevin Springle and Wei Dai.
Some scripts have been adapted from gzip. The original versions
were written by Jean-loup Gailly, Charles Levert, and Paul Eggert.
Andrew Dudman helped adapting the scripts and their man pages for
XZ Utils.
Other authors:
- Jonathan Nieder
- Joachim Henke
The GNU Autotools-based build system contains files from many authors,
which I'm not trying to list here.
Several people have contributed fixes or reported bugs. Most of them
are mentioned in the file THANKS.

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XZ Utils Licensing
==================
Different licenses apply to different files in this package. Here
is a rough summary of which licenses apply to which parts of this
package (but check the individual files to be sure!):
- liblzma is in the public domain.
- xz, xzdec, and lzmadec command line tools are in the public
domain unless GNU getopt_long had to be compiled and linked
in from the lib directory. The getopt_long code is under
GNU LGPLv2.1+.
- The scripts to grep, diff, and view compressed files have been
adapted from gzip. These scripts and their documentation are
under GNU GPLv2+.
- All the documentation in the doc directory and most of the
XZ Utils specific documentation files in other directories
are in the public domain.
- Translated messages are in the public domain.
- The build system contains public domain files, and files that
are under GNU GPLv2+ or GNU GPLv3+. None of these files end up
in the binaries being built.
- Test files and test code in the tests directory, and debugging
utilities in the debug directory are in the public domain.
- The extra directory may contain public domain files, and files
that are under various free software licenses.
You can do whatever you want with the files that have been put into
the public domain. If you find public domain legally problematic,
take the previous sentence as a license grant. If you still find
the lack of copyright legally problematic, you have too many
lawyers.
As usual, this software is provided "as is", without any warranty.
If you copy significant amounts of public domain code from XZ Utils
into your project, acknowledging this somewhere in your software is
polite (especially if it is proprietary, non-free software), but
naturally it is not legally required. Here is an example of a good
notice to put into "about box" or into documentation:
This software includes code from XZ Utils <https://tukaani.org/xz/>.
The following license texts are included in the following files:
- COPYING.LGPLv2.1: GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1
- COPYING.GPLv2: GNU General Public License version 2
- COPYING.GPLv3: GNU General Public License version 3
Note that the toolchain (compiler, linker etc.) may add some code
pieces that are copyrighted. Thus, it is possible that e.g. liblzma
binary wouldn't actually be in the public domain in its entirety
even though it contains no copyrighted code from the XZ Utils source
package.
If you have questions, don't hesitate to ask the author(s) for more
information.

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
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View File

@@ -1,996 +0,0 @@
XZ Utils Release Notes
======================
5.2.10 (2022-12-13)
* xz: Don't modify argv[] when parsing the --memlimit* and
--block-list command line options. This fixes confusing
arguments in process listing (like "ps auxf").
* GNU/Linux only: Use __has_attribute(__symver__) to detect if
that attribute is supported. This fixes build on Mandriva where
Clang is patched to define __GNUC__ to 11 by default (instead
of 4 as used by Clang upstream).
5.2.9 (2022-11-30)
* liblzma:
- Fixed an infinite loop in LZMA encoder initialization
if dict_size >= 2 GiB. (The encoder only supports up
to 1536 MiB.)
- Fixed two cases of invalid free() that can happen if
a tiny allocation fails in encoder re-initialization
or in lzma_filters_update(). These bugs had some
similarities with the bug fixed in 5.2.7.
- Fixed lzma_block_encoder() not allowing the use of
LZMA_SYNC_FLUSH with lzma_code() even though it was
documented to be supported. The sync-flush code in
the Block encoder was already used internally via
lzma_stream_encoder(), so this was just a missing flag
in the lzma_block_encoder() API function.
- GNU/Linux only: Don't put symbol versions into static
liblzma as it breaks things in some cases (and even if
it didn't break anything, symbol versions in static
libraries are useless anyway). The downside of the fix
is that if the configure options --with-pic or --without-pic
are used then it's not possible to build both shared and
static liblzma at the same time on GNU/Linux anymore;
with those options --disable-static or --disable-shared
must be used too.
* New email address for bug reports is <xz@tukaani.org> which
forwards messages to Lasse Collin and Jia Tan.
5.2.8 (2022-11-13)
* xz:
- If xz cannot remove an input file when it should, this
is now treated as a warning (exit status 2) instead of
an error (exit status 1). This matches GNU gzip and it
is more logical as at that point the output file has
already been successfully closed.
- Fix handling of .xz files with an unsupported check type.
Previously such printed a warning message but then xz
behaved as if an error had occurred (didn't decompress,
exit status 1). Now a warning is printed, decompression
is done anyway, and exit status is 2. This used to work
slightly before 5.0.0. In practice this bug matters only
if xz has been built with some check types disabled. As
instructed in PACKAGERS, such builds should be done in
special situations only.
- Fix "xz -dc --single-stream tests/files/good-0-empty.xz"
which failed with "Internal error (bug)". That is,
--single-stream was broken if the first .xz stream in
the input file didn't contain any uncompressed data.
- Fix displaying file sizes in the progress indicator when
working in passthru mode and there are multiple input files.
Just like "gzip -cdf", "xz -cdf" works like "cat" when the
input file isn't a supported compressed file format. In
this case the file size counters weren't reset between
files so with multiple input files the progress indicator
displayed an incorrect (too large) value.
* liblzma:
- API docs in lzma/container.h:
* Update the list of decoder flags in the decoder
function docs.
* Explain LZMA_CONCATENATED behavior with .lzma files
in lzma_auto_decoder() docs.
- OpenBSD: Use HW_NCPUONLINE to detect the number of
available hardware threads in lzma_physmem().
- Fix use of wrong macro to detect x86 SSE2 support.
__SSE2_MATH__ was used with GCC/Clang but the correct
one is __SSE2__. The first one means that SSE2 is used
for floating point math which is irrelevant here.
The affected SSE2 code isn't used on x86-64 so this affects
only 32-bit x86 builds that use -msse2 without -mfpmath=sse
(there is no runtime detection for SSE2). It improves LZMA
compression speed (not decompression).
- Fix the build with Intel C compiler 2021 (ICC, not ICX)
on Linux. It defines __GNUC__ to 10 but doesn't support
the __symver__ attribute introduced in GCC 10.
* Scripts: Ignore warnings from xz by using --quiet --no-warn.
This is needed if the input .xz files use an unsupported
check type.
* Translations:
- Updated Croatian and Turkish translations.
- One new translations wasn't included because it needed
technical fixes. It will be in upcoming 5.4.0. No new
translations will be added to the 5.2.x branch anymore.
- Renamed the French man page translation file from
fr_FR.po to fr.po and thus also its install directory
(like /usr/share/man/fr_FR -> .../fr).
- Man page translations for upcoming 5.4.0 are now handled
in the Translation Project.
* Update doc/faq.txt a little so it's less out-of-date.
5.2.7 (2022-09-30)
* liblzma:
- Made lzma_filters_copy() to never modify the destination
array if an error occurs. lzma_stream_encoder() and
lzma_stream_encoder_mt() already assumed this. Before this
change, if a tiny memory allocation in lzma_filters_copy()
failed it would lead to a crash (invalid free() or invalid
memory reads) in the cleanup paths of these two encoder
initialization functions.
- Added missing integer overflow check to lzma_index_append().
This affects xz --list and other applications that decode
the Index field from .xz files using lzma_index_decoder().
Normal decompression of .xz files doesn't call this code
and thus most applications using liblzma aren't affected
by this bug.
- Single-threaded .xz decoder (lzma_stream_decoder()): If
lzma_code() returns LZMA_MEMLIMIT_ERROR it is now possible
to use lzma_memlimit_set() to increase the limit and continue
decoding. This was supposed to work from the beginning
but there was a bug. With other decoders (.lzma or
threaded .xz decoder) this already worked correctly.
- Fixed accumulation of integrity check type statistics in
lzma_index_cat(). This bug made lzma_index_checks() return
only the type of the integrity check of the last Stream
when multiple lzma_indexes were concatenated. Most
applications don't use these APIs but in xz it made
xz --list not list all check types from concatenated .xz
files. In xz --list --verbose only the per-file "Check:"
lines were affected and in xz --robot --list only the "file"
line was affected.
- Added ABI compatibility with executables that were linked
against liblzma in RHEL/CentOS 7 or other liblzma builds
that had copied the problematic patch from RHEL/CentOS 7
(xz-5.2.2-compat-libs.patch). For the details, see the
comment at the top of src/liblzma/validate_map.sh.
WARNING: This uses __symver__ attribute with GCC >= 10.
In other cases the traditional __asm__(".symver ...")
is used. Using link-time optimization (LTO, -flto) with
GCC versions older than 10 can silently result in
broken liblzma.so.5 (incorrect symbol versions)! If you
want to use -flto with GCC, you must use GCC >= 10.
LTO with Clang seems to work even with the traditional
__asm__(".symver ...") method.
* xzgrep: Fixed compatibility with old shells that break if
comments inside command substitutions have apostrophes (').
This problem was introduced in 5.2.6.
* Build systems:
- New #define in config.h: HAVE_SYMBOL_VERSIONS_LINUX
- Windows: Fixed liblzma.dll build with Visual Studio project
files. It broke in 5.2.6 due to a change that was made to
improve CMake support.
- Windows: Building liblzma with UNICODE defined should now
work.
- CMake files are now actually included in the release tarball.
They should have been in 5.2.5 already.
- Minor CMake fixes and improvements.
* Added a new translation: Turkish
5.2.6 (2022-08-12)
* xz:
- The --keep option now accepts symlinks, hardlinks, and
setuid, setgid, and sticky files. Previously this required
using --force.
- When copying metadata from the source file to the destination
file, don't try to set the group (GID) if it is already set
correctly. This avoids a failure on OpenBSD (and possibly on
a few other OSes) where files may get created so that their
group doesn't belong to the user, and fchown(2) can fail even
if it needs to do nothing.
- Cap --memlimit-compress to 2000 MiB instead of 4020 MiB on
MIPS32 because on MIPS32 userspace processes are limited
to 2 GiB of address space.
* liblzma:
- Fixed a missing error-check in the threaded encoder. If a
small memory allocation fails, a .xz file with an invalid
Index field would be created. Decompressing such a file would
produce the correct output but result in an error at the end.
Thus this is a "mild" data corruption bug. Note that while
a failed memory allocation can trigger the bug, it cannot
cause invalid memory access.
- The decoder for .lzma files now supports files that have
uncompressed size stored in the header and still use the
end of payload marker (end of stream marker) at the end
of the LZMA stream. Such files are rare but, according to
the documentation in LZMA SDK, they are valid.
doc/lzma-file-format.txt was updated too.
- Improved 32-bit x86 assembly files:
* Support Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET)
* Use non-executable stack on FreeBSD.
- Visual Studio: Use non-standard _MSVC_LANG to detect C++
standard version in the lzma.h API header. It's used to
detect when "noexcept" can be used.
* xzgrep:
- Fixed arbitrary command injection via a malicious filename
(CVE-2022-1271, ZDI-CAN-16587). A standalone patch for
this was released to the public on 2022-04-07. A slight
robustness improvement has been made since then and, if
using GNU or *BSD grep, a new faster method is now used
that doesn't use the old sed-based construct at all. This
also fixes bad output with GNU grep >= 3.5 (2020-09-27)
when xzgrepping binary files.
This vulnerability was discovered by:
cleemy desu wayo working with Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative
- Fixed detection of corrupt .bz2 files.
- Improved error handling to fix exit status in some situations
and to fix handling of signals: in some situations a signal
didn't make xzgrep exit when it clearly should have. It's
possible that the signal handling still isn't quite perfect
but hopefully it's good enough.
- Documented exit statuses on the man page.
- xzegrep and xzfgrep now use "grep -E" and "grep -F" instead
of the deprecated egrep and fgrep commands.
- Fixed parsing of the options -E, -F, -G, -P, and -X. The
problem occurred when multiple options were specied in
a single argument, for example,
echo foo | xzgrep -Fe foo
treated foo as a filename because -Fe wasn't correctly
split into -F -e.
- Added zstd support.
* xzdiff/xzcmp:
- Fixed wrong exit status. Exit status could be 2 when the
correct value is 1.
- Documented on the man page that exit status of 2 is used
for decompression errors.
- Added zstd support.
* xzless:
- Fix less(1) version detection. It failed if the version number
from "less -V" contained a dot.
* Translations:
- Added new translations: Catalan, Croatian, Esperanto,
Korean, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish,
and Ukrainian
- Updated the Brazilian Portuguese translation.
- Added French man page translation. This and the existing
German translation aren't complete anymore because the
English man pages got a few updates and the translators
weren't reached so that they could update their work.
* Build systems:
- Windows: Fix building of resource files when config.h isn't
used. CMake + Visual Studio can now build liblzma.dll.
- Various fixes to the CMake support. Building static or shared
liblzma should work fine in most cases. In contrast, building
the command line tools with CMake is still clearly incomplete
and experimental and should be used for testing only.
5.2.5 (2020-03-17)
* liblzma:
- Fixed several C99/C11 conformance bugs. Now the code is clean
under gcc/clang -fsanitize=undefined. Some of these changes
might have a negative effect on performance with old GCC
versions or compilers other than GCC and Clang. The configure
option --enable-unsafe-type-punning can be used to (mostly)
restore the old behavior but it shouldn't normally be used.
- Improved API documentation of lzma_properties_decode().
- Added a very minor encoder speed optimization.
* xz:
- Fixed a crash in "xz -dcfv not_an_xz_file". All four options
were required to trigger it. The crash occurred in the
progress indicator code when xz was in passthru mode where
xz works like "cat".
- Fixed an integer overflow with 32-bit off_t. It could happen
when decompressing a file that has a long run of zero bytes
which xz would try to write as a sparse file. Since the build
system enables large file support by default, off_t is
normally 64-bit even on 32-bit systems.
- Fixes for --flush-timeout:
* Fix semi-busy-waiting.
* Avoid unneeded flushes when no new input has arrived
since the previous flush was completed.
- Added a special case for 32-bit xz: If --memlimit-compress is
used to specify a limit that exceeds 4020 MiB, the limit will
be set to 4020 MiB. The values "0" and "max" aren't affected
by this and neither is decompression. This hack can be
helpful when a 32-bit xz has access to 4 GiB address space
but the specified memlimit exceeds 4 GiB. This can happen
e.g. with some scripts.
- Capsicum sandbox is now enabled by default where available
(FreeBSD >= 10). The sandbox debug messages (xz -vv) were
removed since they seemed to be more annoying than useful.
- DOS build now requires DJGPP 2.05 instead of 2.04beta.
A workaround for a locale problem with DJGPP 2.05 was added.
* xzgrep and other scripts:
- Added a configure option --enable-path-for-scripts=PREFIX.
It is disabled by default except on Solaris where the default
is /usr/xpg4/bin. See INSTALL for details.
- Added a workaround for a POSIX shell detection problem on
Solaris.
* Build systems:
- Added preliminary build instructions for z/OS. See INSTALL
section 1.2.9.
- Experimental CMake support was added. It should work to build
static liblzma on a few operating systems. It may or may not
work to build shared liblzma. On some platforms it can build
xz and xzdec too but those are only for testing. See the
comment in the beginning of CMakeLists.txt for details.
- Visual Studio project files were updated.
WindowsTargetPlatformVersion was removed from VS2017 files
and set to "10.0" in the added VS2019 files. In the future
the VS project files will be removed when CMake support is
good enough.
- New #defines in config.h: HAVE___BUILTIN_ASSUME_ALIGNED,
HAVE___BUILTIN_BSWAPXX, and TUKLIB_USE_UNSAFE_TYPE_PUNNING.
- autogen.sh has a new optional dependency on po4a and a new
option --no-po4a to skip that step. This matters only if one
wants to remake the build files. po4a is used to update the
translated man pages but as long as the man pages haven't
been modified, there's nothing to update and one can use
--no-po4a to avoid the dependency on po4a.
* Translations:
- XZ Utils translations are now handled by the Translation
Project: https://translationproject.org/domain/xz.html
- All man pages are now included in German too.
- New xz translations: Brazilian Portuguese, Finnish,
Hungarian, Chinese (simplified), Chinese (traditional),
and Danish (partial translation)
- Updated xz translations: French, German, Italian, and Polish
- Unfortunately a few new xz translations weren't included due
to technical problems like too long lines in --help output or
misaligned column headings in tables. In the future, many of
these strings will be split and e.g. the table column
alignment will be handled in software. This should make the
strings easier to translate.
5.2.4 (2018-04-29)
* liblzma:
- Allow 0 as memory usage limit instead of returning
LZMA_PROG_ERROR. Now 0 is treated as if 1 byte was specified,
which effectively is the same as 0.
- Use "noexcept" keyword instead of "throw()" in the public
headers when a C++11 (or newer standard) compiler is used.
- Added a portability fix for recent Intel C Compilers.
- Microsoft Visual Studio build files have been moved under
windows/vs2013 and windows/vs2017.
* xz:
- Fix "xz --list --robot missing_or_bad_file.xz" which would
try to print an uninitialized string and thus produce garbage
output. Since the exit status is non-zero, most uses of such
a command won't try to interpret the garbage output.
- "xz --list foo.xz" could print "Internal error (bug)" in a
corner case where a specific memory usage limit had been set.
5.2.3 (2016-12-30)
* xz:
- Always close a file before trying to delete it to avoid
problems on some operating system and file system combinations.
- Fixed copying of file timestamps on Windows.
- Added experimental (disabled by default) sandbox support using
Capsicum (FreeBSD >= 10). See --enable-sandbox in INSTALL.
* C99/C11 conformance fixes to liblzma. The issues affected at least
some builds using link-time optimizations.
* Fixed bugs in the rarely-used function lzma_index_dup().
* Use of external SHA-256 code is now disabled by default.
It can still be enabled by passing --enable-external-sha256
to configure. The reasons to disable it by default (see INSTALL
for more details):
- Some OS-specific SHA-256 implementations conflict with
OpenSSL and cause problems in programs that link against both
liblzma and libcrypto. At least FreeBSD 10 and MINIX 3.3.0
are affected.
- The internal SHA-256 is faster than the SHA-256 code in
some operating systems.
* Changed CPU core count detection to use sched_getaffinity() on
GNU/Linux and GNU/kFreeBSD.
* Fixes to the build-system and xz to make xz buildable even when
encoders, decoders, or threading have been disabled from libilzma
using configure options. These fixes added two new #defines to
config.h: HAVE_ENCODERS and HAVE_DECODERS.
5.2.2 (2015-09-29)
* Fixed bugs in QNX-specific code.
* Omitted the use of pipe2() even if it is available to avoid
portability issues with some old Linux and glibc combinations.
* Updated German translation.
* Added project files to build static and shared liblzma (not the
whole XZ Utils) with Visual Studio 2013 update 2 or later.
* Documented that threaded decompression hasn't been implemented
yet. A 5.2.0 NEWS entry describing multi-threading support had
incorrectly said "decompression" when it should have said
"compression".
5.2.1 (2015-02-26)
* Fixed a compression-ratio regression in fast mode of LZMA1 and
LZMA2. The bug is present in 5.1.4beta and 5.2.0 releases.
* Fixed a portability problem in xz that affected at least OpenBSD.
* Fixed xzdiff to be compatible with FreeBSD's mktemp which differs
from most other mktemp implementations.
* Changed CPU core count detection to use cpuset_getaffinity() on
FreeBSD.
5.2.0 (2014-12-21)
Since 5.1.4beta:
* All fixes from 5.0.8
* liblzma: Fixed lzma_stream_encoder_mt_memusage() when a preset
was used.
* xzdiff: If mktemp isn't installed, mkdir will be used as
a fallback to create a temporary directory. Installing mktemp
is still recommended.
* Updated French, German, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese
translations.
Summary of fixes and new features added in the 5.1.x development
releases:
* liblzma:
- Added support for multi-threaded compression. See the
lzma_mt structure, lzma_stream_encoder_mt(), and
lzma_stream_encoder_mt_memusage() in <lzma/container.h>,
lzma_get_progress() in <lzma/base.h>, and lzma_cputhreads()
in <lzma/hardware.h> for details.
- Made the uses of lzma_allocator const correct.
- Added lzma_block_uncomp_encode() to create uncompressed
.xz Blocks using LZMA2 uncompressed chunks.
- Added support for LZMA_IGNORE_CHECK.
- A few speed optimizations were made.
- Added support for symbol versioning. It is enabled by default
on GNU/Linux, other GNU-based systems, and FreeBSD.
- liblzma (not the whole XZ Utils) should now be buildable
with MSVC 2013 update 2 or later using windows/config.h.
* xz:
- Fixed a race condition in the signal handling. It was
possible that e.g. the first SIGINT didn't make xz exit
if reading or writing blocked and one had bad luck. The fix
is non-trivial, so as of writing it is unknown if it will be
backported to the v5.0 branch.
- Multi-threaded compression can be enabled with the
--threads (-T) option.
[Fixed: This originally said "decompression".]
- New command line options in xz: --single-stream,
--block-size=SIZE, --block-list=SIZES,
--flush-timeout=TIMEOUT, and --ignore-check.
- xz -lvv now shows the minimum xz version that is required to
decompress the file. Currently it is 5.0.0 for all supported
.xz files except files with empty LZMA2 streams require 5.0.2.
* xzdiff and xzgrep now support .lzo files if lzop is installed.
The .tzo suffix is also recognized as a shorthand for .tar.lzo.
5.1.4beta (2014-09-14)
* All fixes from 5.0.6
* liblzma: Fixed the use of presets in threaded encoder
initialization.
* xz --block-list and --block-size can now be used together
in single-threaded mode. Previously the combination only
worked in multi-threaded mode.
* Added support for LZMA_IGNORE_CHECK to liblzma and made it
available in xz as --ignore-check.
* liblzma speed optimizations:
- Initialization of a new LZMA1 or LZMA2 encoder has been
optimized. (The speed of reinitializing an already-allocated
encoder isn't affected.) This helps when compressing many
small buffers with lzma_stream_buffer_encode() and other
similar situations where an already-allocated encoder state
isn't reused. This speed-up is visible in xz too if one
compresses many small files one at a time instead running xz
once and giving all files as command-line arguments.
- Buffer comparisons are now much faster when unaligned access
is allowed (configured with --enable-unaligned-access). This
speeds up encoding significantly. There is arch-specific code
for 32-bit and 64-bit x86 (32-bit needs SSE2 for the best
results and there's no run-time CPU detection for now).
For other archs there is only generic code which probably
isn't as optimal as arch-specific solutions could be.
- A few speed optimizations were made to the SHA-256 code.
(Note that the builtin SHA-256 code isn't used on all
operating systems.)
* liblzma can now be built with MSVC 2013 update 2 or later
using windows/config.h.
* Vietnamese translation was added.
5.1.3alpha (2013-10-26)
* All fixes from 5.0.5
* liblzma:
- Fixed a deadlock in the threaded encoder.
- Made the uses of lzma_allocator const correct.
- Added lzma_block_uncomp_encode() to create uncompressed
.xz Blocks using LZMA2 uncompressed chunks.
- Added support for native threads on Windows and the ability
to detect the number of CPU cores.
* xz:
- Fixed a race condition in the signal handling. It was
possible that e.g. the first SIGINT didn't make xz exit
if reading or writing blocked and one had bad luck. The fix
is non-trivial, so as of writing it is unknown if it will be
backported to the v5.0 branch.
- Made the progress indicator work correctly in threaded mode.
- Threaded encoder now works together with --block-list=SIZES.
- Added preliminary support for --flush-timeout=TIMEOUT.
It can be useful for (somewhat) real-time streaming. For
now the decompression side has to be done with something
else than the xz tool due to how xz does buffering, but this
should be fixed.
5.1.2alpha (2012-07-04)
* All fixes from 5.0.3 and 5.0.4
* liblzma:
- Fixed a deadlock and an invalid free() in the threaded encoder.
- Added support for symbol versioning. It is enabled by default
on GNU/Linux, other GNU-based systems, and FreeBSD.
- Use SHA-256 implementation from the operating system if one is
available in libc, libmd, or libutil. liblzma won't use e.g.
OpenSSL or libgcrypt to avoid introducing new dependencies.
- Fixed liblzma.pc for static linking.
- Fixed a few portability bugs.
* xz --decompress --single-stream now fixes the input position after
successful decompression. Now the following works:
echo foo | xz > foo.xz
echo bar | xz >> foo.xz
( xz -dc --single-stream ; xz -dc --single-stream ) < foo.xz
Note that it doesn't work if the input is not seekable
or if there is Stream Padding between the concatenated
.xz Streams.
* xz -lvv now shows the minimum xz version that is required to
decompress the file. Currently it is 5.0.0 for all supported .xz
files except files with empty LZMA2 streams require 5.0.2.
* Added an *incomplete* implementation of --block-list=SIZES to xz.
It only works correctly in single-threaded mode and when
--block-size isn't used at the same time. --block-list allows
specifying the sizes of Blocks which can be useful e.g. when
creating files for random-access reading.
5.1.1alpha (2011-04-12)
* All fixes from 5.0.2
* liblzma fixes that will also be included in 5.0.3:
- A memory leak was fixed.
- lzma_stream_buffer_encode() no longer creates an empty .xz
Block if encoding an empty buffer. Such an empty Block with
LZMA2 data would trigger a bug in 5.0.1 and older (see the
first bullet point in 5.0.2 notes). When releasing 5.0.2,
I thought that no encoder creates this kind of files but
I was wrong.
- Validate function arguments better in a few functions. Most
importantly, specifying an unsupported integrity check to
lzma_stream_buffer_encode() no longer creates a corrupt .xz
file. Probably no application tries to do that, so this
shouldn't be a big problem in practice.
- Document that lzma_block_buffer_encode(),
lzma_easy_buffer_encode(), lzma_stream_encoder(), and
lzma_stream_buffer_encode() may return LZMA_UNSUPPORTED_CHECK.
- The return values of the _memusage() functions are now
documented better.
* Support for multithreaded compression was added using the simplest
method, which splits the input data into blocks and compresses
them independently. Other methods will be added in the future.
The current method has room for improvement, e.g. it is possible
to reduce the memory usage.
* Added the options --single-stream and --block-size=SIZE to xz.
* xzdiff and xzgrep now support .lzo files if lzop is installed.
The .tzo suffix is also recognized as a shorthand for .tar.lzo.
* Support for short 8.3 filenames under DOS was added to xz. It is
experimental and may change before it gets into a stable release.
5.0.8 (2014-12-21)
* Fixed an old bug in xzgrep that affected OpenBSD and probably
a few other operating systems too.
* Updated French and German translations.
* Added support for detecting the amount of RAM on AmigaOS/AROS.
* Minor build system updates.
5.0.7 (2014-09-20)
* Fix regressions introduced in 5.0.6:
- Fix building with non-GNU make.
- Fix invalid Libs.private value in liblzma.pc which broke
static linking against liblzma if the linker flags were
taken from pkg-config.
5.0.6 (2014-09-14)
* xzgrep now exits with status 0 if at least one file matched.
* A few minor portability and build system fixes
5.0.5 (2013-06-30)
* lzmadec and liblzma's lzma_alone_decoder(): Support decompressing
.lzma files that have less common settings in the headers
(dictionary size other than 2^n or 2^n + 2^(n-1), or uncompressed
size greater than 256 GiB). The limitations existed to avoid false
positives when detecting .lzma files. The lc + lp <= 4 limitation
still remains since liblzma's LZMA decoder has that limitation.
NOTE: xz's .lzma support or liblzma's lzma_auto_decoder() are NOT
affected by this change. They still consider uncommon .lzma headers
as not being in the .lzma format. Changing this would give way too
many false positives.
* xz:
- Interaction of preset and custom filter chain options was
made less illogical. This affects only certain less typical
uses cases so few people are expected to notice this change.
Now when a custom filter chain option (e.g. --lzma2) is
specified, all preset options (-0 ... -9, -e) earlier are on
the command line are completely forgotten. Similarly, when
a preset option is specified, all custom filter chain options
earlier on the command line are completely forgotten.
Example 1: "xz -9 --lzma2=preset=5 -e" is equivalent to "xz -e"
which is equivalent to "xz -6e". Earlier -e didn't put xz back
into preset mode and thus the example command was equivalent
to "xz --lzma2=preset=5".
Example 2: "xz -9e --lzma2=preset=5 -7" is equivalent to
"xz -7". Earlier a custom filter chain option didn't make
xz forget the -e option so the example was equivalent to
"xz -7e".
- Fixes and improvements to error handling.
- Various fixes to the man page.
* xzless: Fixed to work with "less" versions 448 and later.
* xzgrep: Made -h an alias for --no-filename.
* Include the previously missing debug/translation.bash which can
be useful for translators.
* Include a build script for Mac OS X. This has been in the Git
repository since 2010 but due to a mistake in Makefile.am the
script hasn't been included in a release tarball before.
5.0.4 (2012-06-22)
* liblzma:
- Fix lzma_index_init(). It could crash if memory allocation
failed.
- Fix the possibility of an incorrect LZMA_BUF_ERROR when a BCJ
filter is used and the application only provides exactly as
much output space as is the uncompressed size of the file.
- Fix a bug in doc/examples_old/xz_pipe_decompress.c. It didn't
check if the last call to lzma_code() really returned
LZMA_STREAM_END, which made the program think that truncated
files are valid.
- New example programs in doc/examples (old programs are now in
doc/examples_old). These have more comments and more detailed
error handling.
* Fix "xz -lvv foo.xz". It could crash on some corrupted files.
* Fix output of "xz --robot -lv" and "xz --robot -lvv" which
incorrectly printed the filename also in the "foo (x/x)" format.
* Fix exit status of "xzdiff foo.xz bar.xz".
* Fix exit status of "xzgrep foo binary_file".
* Fix portability to EBCDIC systems.
* Fix a configure issue on AIX with the XL C compiler. See INSTALL
for details.
* Update French, German, Italian, and Polish translations.
5.0.3 (2011-05-21)
* liblzma fixes:
- A memory leak was fixed.
- lzma_stream_buffer_encode() no longer creates an empty .xz
Block if encoding an empty buffer. Such an empty Block with
LZMA2 data would trigger a bug in 5.0.1 and older (see the
first bullet point in 5.0.2 notes). When releasing 5.0.2,
I thought that no encoder creates this kind of files but
I was wrong.
- Validate function arguments better in a few functions. Most
importantly, specifying an unsupported integrity check to
lzma_stream_buffer_encode() no longer creates a corrupt .xz
file. Probably no application tries to do that, so this
shouldn't be a big problem in practice.
- Document that lzma_block_buffer_encode(),
lzma_easy_buffer_encode(), lzma_stream_encoder(), and
lzma_stream_buffer_encode() may return LZMA_UNSUPPORTED_CHECK.
- The return values of the _memusage() functions are now
documented better.
* Fix command name detection in xzgrep. xzegrep and xzfgrep now
correctly use egrep and fgrep instead of grep.
* French translation was added.
5.0.2 (2011-04-01)
* LZMA2 decompressor now correctly accepts LZMA2 streams with no
uncompressed data. Previously it considered them corrupt. The
bug can affect applications that use raw LZMA2 streams. It is
very unlikely to affect .xz files because no compressor creates
.xz files with empty LZMA2 streams. (Empty .xz files are a
different thing than empty LZMA2 streams.)
* "xz --suffix=.foo filename.foo" now refuses to compress the
file due to it already having the suffix .foo. It was already
documented on the man page, but the code lacked the test.
* "xzgrep -l foo bar.xz" works now.
* Polish translation was added.
5.0.1 (2011-01-29)
* xz --force now (de)compresses files that have setuid, setgid,
or sticky bit set and files that have multiple hard links.
The man page had it documented this way already, but the code
had a bug.
* gzip and bzip2 support in xzdiff was fixed.
* Portability fixes
* Minor fix to Czech translation
5.0.0 (2010-10-23)
Only the most important changes compared to 4.999.9beta are listed
here. One change is especially important:
* The memory usage limit is now disabled by default. Some scripts
written before this change may have used --memory=max on xz command
line or in XZ_OPT. THESE USES OF --memory=max SHOULD BE REMOVED
NOW, because they interfere with user's ability to set the memory
usage limit himself. If user-specified limit causes problems to
your script, blame the user.
Other significant changes:
* Added support for XZ_DEFAULTS environment variable. This variable
allows users to set default options for xz, e.g. default memory
usage limit or default compression level. Scripts that use xz
must never set or unset XZ_DEFAULTS. Scripts should use XZ_OPT
instead if they need a way to pass options to xz via an
environment variable.
* The compression settings associated with the preset levels
-0 ... -9 have been changed. --extreme was changed a little too.
It is now less likely to make compression worse, but with some
files the new --extreme may compress slightly worse than the old
--extreme.
* If a preset level (-0 ... -9) is specified after a custom filter
chain options have been used (e.g. --lzma2), the custom filter
chain will be forgotten. Earlier the preset options were
completely ignored after custom filter chain options had been
seen.
* xz will create sparse files when decompressing if the uncompressed
data contains long sequences of binary zeros. This is done even
when writing to standard output that is connected to a regular
file and certain additional conditions are met to make it safe.
* Support for "xz --list" was added. Combine with --verbose or
--verbose --verbose (-vv) for detailed output.
* I had hoped that liblzma API would have been stable after
4.999.9beta, but there have been a couple of changes in the
advanced features, which don't affect most applications:
- Index handling code was revised. If you were using the old
API, you will get a compiler error (so it's easy to notice).
- A subtle but important change was made to the Block handling
API. lzma_block.version has to be initialized even for
lzma_block_header_decode(). Code that doesn't do it will work
for now, but might break in the future, which makes this API
change easy to miss.
* The major soname has been bumped to 5.0.0. liblzma API and ABI
are now stable, so the need to recompile programs linking against
liblzma shouldn't arise soon.

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@@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
XZ Utils
========
0. Overview
1. Documentation
1.1. Overall documentation
1.2. Documentation for command-line tools
1.3. Documentation for liblzma
2. Version numbering
3. Reporting bugs
4. Translations
5. Other implementations of the .xz format
6. Contact information
0. Overview
-----------
XZ Utils provide a general-purpose data-compression library plus
command-line tools. The native file format is the .xz format, but
also the legacy .lzma format is supported. The .xz format supports
multiple compression algorithms, which are called "filters" in the
context of XZ Utils. The primary filter is currently LZMA2. With
typical files, XZ Utils create about 30 % smaller files than gzip.
To ease adapting support for the .xz format into existing applications
and scripts, the API of liblzma is somewhat similar to the API of the
popular zlib library. For the same reason, the command-line tool xz
has a command-line syntax similar to that of gzip.
When aiming for the highest compression ratio, the LZMA2 encoder uses
a lot of CPU time and may use, depending on the settings, even
hundreds of megabytes of RAM. However, in fast modes, the LZMA2 encoder
competes with bzip2 in compression speed, RAM usage, and compression
ratio.
LZMA2 is reasonably fast to decompress. It is a little slower than
gzip, but a lot faster than bzip2. Being fast to decompress means
that the .xz format is especially nice when the same file will be
decompressed very many times (usually on different computers), which
is the case e.g. when distributing software packages. In such
situations, it's not too bad if the compression takes some time,
since that needs to be done only once to benefit many people.
With some file types, combining (or "chaining") LZMA2 with an
additional filter can improve the compression ratio. A filter chain may
contain up to four filters, although usually only one or two are used.
For example, putting a BCJ (Branch/Call/Jump) filter before LZMA2
in the filter chain can improve compression ratio of executable files.
Since the .xz format allows adding new filter IDs, it is possible that
some day there will be a filter that is, for example, much faster to
compress than LZMA2 (but probably with worse compression ratio).
Similarly, it is possible that some day there is a filter that will
compress better than LZMA2.
XZ Utils supports multithreaded compression. XZ Utils doesn't support
multithreaded decompression yet. It has been planned though and taken
into account when designing the .xz file format. In the future, files
that were created in threaded mode can be decompressed in threaded
mode too.
1. Documentation
----------------
1.1. Overall documentation
README This file
INSTALL.generic Generic install instructions for those not familiar
with packages using GNU Autotools
INSTALL Installation instructions specific to XZ Utils
PACKAGERS Information to packagers of XZ Utils
COPYING XZ Utils copyright and license information
COPYING.GPLv2 GNU General Public License version 2
COPYING.GPLv3 GNU General Public License version 3
COPYING.LGPLv2.1 GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1
AUTHORS The main authors of XZ Utils
THANKS Incomplete list of people who have helped making
this software
NEWS User-visible changes between XZ Utils releases
ChangeLog Detailed list of changes (commit log)
TODO Known bugs and some sort of to-do list
Note that only some of the above files are included in binary
packages.
1.2. Documentation for command-line tools
The command-line tools are documented as man pages. In source code
releases (and possibly also in some binary packages), the man pages
are also provided in plain text (ASCII only) and PDF formats in the
directory "doc/man" to make the man pages more accessible to those
whose operating system doesn't provide an easy way to view man pages.
1.3. Documentation for liblzma
The liblzma API headers include short docs about each function
and data type as Doxygen tags. These docs should be quite OK as
a quick reference.
There are a few example/tutorial programs that should help in
getting started with liblzma. In the source package the examples
are in "doc/examples" and in binary packages they may be under
"examples" in the same directory as this README.
Since the liblzma API has similarities to the zlib API, some people
may find it useful to read the zlib docs and tutorial too:
http://zlib.net/manual.html
http://zlib.net/zlib_how.html
2. Version numbering
--------------------
The version number format of XZ Utils is X.Y.ZS:
- X is the major version. When this is incremented, the library
API and ABI break.
- Y is the minor version. It is incremented when new features
are added without breaking the existing API or ABI. An even Y
indicates a stable release and an odd Y indicates unstable
(alpha or beta version).
- Z is the revision. This has a different meaning for stable and
unstable releases:
* Stable: Z is incremented when bugs get fixed without adding
any new features. This is intended to be convenient for
downstream distributors that want bug fixes but don't want
any new features to minimize the risk of introducing new bugs.
* Unstable: Z is just a counter. API or ABI of features added
in earlier unstable releases having the same X.Y may break.
- S indicates stability of the release. It is missing from the
stable releases, where Y is an even number. When Y is odd, S
is either "alpha" or "beta" to make it very clear that such
versions are not stable releases. The same X.Y.Z combination is
not used for more than one stability level, i.e. after X.Y.Zalpha,
the next version can be X.Y.(Z+1)beta but not X.Y.Zbeta.
3. Reporting bugs
-----------------
Naturally it is easiest for me if you already know what causes the
unexpected behavior. Even better if you have a patch to propose.
However, quite often the reason for unexpected behavior is unknown,
so here are a few things to do before sending a bug report:
1. Try to create a small example how to reproduce the issue.
2. Compile XZ Utils with debugging code using configure switches
--enable-debug and, if possible, --disable-shared. If you are
using GCC, use CFLAGS='-O0 -ggdb3'. Don't strip the resulting
binaries.
3. Turn on core dumps. The exact command depends on your shell;
for example in GNU bash it is done with "ulimit -c unlimited",
and in tcsh with "limit coredumpsize unlimited".
4. Try to reproduce the suspected bug. If you get "assertion failed"
message, be sure to include the complete message in your bug
report. If the application leaves a coredump, get a backtrace
using gdb:
$ gdb /path/to/app-binary # Load the app to the debugger.
(gdb) core core # Open the coredump.
(gdb) bt # Print the backtrace. Copy & paste to bug report.
(gdb) quit # Quit gdb.
Report your bug via email or IRC (see Contact information below).
Don't send core dump files or any executables. If you have a small
example file(s) (total size less than 256 KiB), please include
it/them as an attachment. If you have bigger test files, put them
online somewhere and include a URL to the file(s) in the bug report.
Always include the exact version number of XZ Utils in the bug report.
If you are using a snapshot from the git repository, use "git describe"
to get the exact snapshot version. If you are using XZ Utils shipped
in an operating system distribution, mention the distribution name,
distribution version, and exact xz package version; if you cannot
repeat the bug with the code compiled from unpatched source code,
you probably need to report a bug to your distribution's bug tracking
system.
4. Translations
---------------
The xz command line tool and all man pages can be translated.
The translations are handled via the Translation Project. If you
wish to help translating xz, please join the Translation Project:
https://translationproject.org/html/translators.html
Several strings will change in a future version of xz so if you
wish to start a new translation, look at the code in the xz git
repository instead of a 5.2.x release.
5. Other implementations of the .xz format
------------------------------------------
7-Zip and the p7zip port of 7-Zip support the .xz format starting
from the version 9.00alpha.
http://7-zip.org/
http://p7zip.sourceforge.net/
XZ Embedded is a limited implementation written for use in the Linux
kernel, but it is also suitable for other embedded use.
https://tukaani.org/xz/embedded.html
6. Contact information
----------------------
If you have questions, bug reports, patches etc. related to XZ Utils,
the project maintainers Lasse Collin and Jia Tan can be reached via
<xz@tukaani.org>.
You might find Lasse also from #tukaani on Libera Chat (IRC).
The nick is Larhzu. The channel tends to be pretty quiet,
so just ask your question and someone might wake up.

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@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
Thanks
======
Some people have helped more, some less, but nevertheless everyone's help
has been important. :-) In alphabetical order:
- Mark Adler
- H. Peter Anvin
- Jeff Bastian
- Nelson H. F. Beebe
- Karl Beldan
- Karl Berry
- Anders F. Björklund
- Emmanuel Blot
- Melanie Blower
- Alexander Bluhm
- Martin Blumenstingl
- Ben Boeckel
- Jakub Bogusz
- Adam Borowski
- Maarten Bosmans
- Trent W. Buck
- Kevin R. Bulgrien
- James Buren
- David Burklund
- Daniel Mealha Cabrita
- Milo Casagrande
- Marek Černocký
- Tomer Chachamu
- Vitaly Chikunov
- Antoine Cœur
- Gabi Davar
- Chris Donawa
- Andrew Dudman
- Markus Duft
- İsmail Dönmez
- Paul Eggert
- Robert Elz
- Gilles Espinasse
- Denis Excoffier
- Michael Felt
- Michael Fox
- Mike Frysinger
- Daniel Richard G.
- Tomasz Gajc
- Bjarni Ingi Gislason
- John Paul Adrian Glaubitz
- Bill Glessner
- Michał Górny
- Jason Gorski
- Juan Manuel Guerrero
- Diederik de Haas
- Joachim Henke
- Christian Hesse
- Vincenzo Innocente
- Peter Ivanov
- Nicholas Jackson
- Sam James
- Jouk Jansen
- Jun I Jin
- Kiyoshi Kanazawa
- Per Øyvind Karlsen
- Thomas Klausner
- Richard Koch
- Ville Koskinen
- Jan Kratochvil
- Christian Kujau
- Stephan Kulow
- Peter Lawler
- James M Leddy
- Vincent Lefevre
- Hin-Tak Leung
- Andraž 'ruskie' Levstik
- Cary Lewis
- Wim Lewis
- Xin Li
- Eric Lindblad
- Lorenzo De Liso
- H.J. Lu
- Bela Lubkin
- Gregory Margo
- Julien Marrec
- Ed Maste
- Martin Matuška
- Ivan A. Melnikov
- Jim Meyering
- Arkadiusz Miskiewicz
- Nathan Moinvaziri
- Étienne Mollier
- Conley Moorhous
- Rafał Mużyło
- Adrien Nader
- Evan Nemerson
- Hongbo Ni
- Jonathan Nieder
- Andre Noll
- Peter O'Gorman
- Daniel Packard
- Filip Palian
- Peter Pallinger
- Rui Paulo
- Igor Pavlov
- Diego Elio Pettenò
- Elbert Pol
- Mikko Pouru
- Rich Prohaska
- Trần Ngọc Quân
- Pavel Raiskup
- Ole André Vadla Ravnås
- Eric S. Raymond
- Robert Readman
- Bernhard Reutner-Fischer
- Markus Rickert
- Cristian Rodríguez
- Christian von Roques
- Boud Roukema
- Torsten Rupp
- Stephen Sachs
- Jukka Salmi
- Alexandre Sauvé
- Benno Schulenberg
- Andreas Schwab
- Bhargava Shastry
- Dan Shechter
- Stuart Shelton
- Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
- Ville Skyttä
- Brad Smith
- Bruce Stark
- Pippijn van Steenhoven
- Jonathan Stott
- Dan Stromberg
- Jia Tan
- Vincent Torri
- Paul Townsend
- Mohammed Adnène Trojette
- Alexey Tourbin
- Loganaden Velvindron
- Patrick J. Volkerding
- Martin Väth
- Adam Walling
- Jeffrey Walton
- Christian Weisgerber
- Dan Weiss
- Bert Wesarg
- Fredrik Wikstrom
- Jim Wilcoxson
- Ralf Wildenhues
- Charles Wilson
- Lars Wirzenius
- Pilorz Wojciech
- Ryan Young
- Andreas Zieringer
Also thanks to all the people who have participated in the Tukaani project.
I have probably forgot to add some names to the above list. Sorry about
that and thanks for your help.

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@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
XZ Utils To-Do List
===================
Known bugs
----------
The test suite is too incomplete.
If the memory usage limit is less than about 13 MiB, xz is unable to
automatically scale down the compression settings enough even though
it would be possible by switching from BT2/BT3/BT4 match finder to
HC3/HC4.
XZ Utils compress some files significantly worse than LZMA Utils.
This is due to faster compression presets used by XZ Utils, and
can often be worked around by using "xz --extreme". With some files
--extreme isn't enough though: it's most likely with files that
compress extremely well, so going from compression ratio of 0.003
to 0.004 means big relative increase in the compressed file size.
xz doesn't quote unprintable characters when it displays file names
given on the command line.
tuklib_exit() doesn't block signals => EINTR is possible.
SIGTSTP is not handled. If xz is stopped, the estimated remaining
time and calculated (de)compression speed won't make sense in the
progress indicator (xz --verbose).
If liblzma has created threads and fork() gets called, liblzma
code will break in the child process unless it calls exec() and
doesn't touch liblzma.
Missing features
----------------
Add support for storing metadata in .xz files. A preliminary
idea is to create a new Stream type for metadata. When both
metadata and data are wanted in the same .xz file, two or more
Streams would be concatenated.
The state stored in lzma_stream should be cloneable, which would
be mostly useful when using a preset dictionary in LZMA2, but
it may have other uses too. Compare to deflateCopy() in zlib.
Support LZMA_FINISH in raw decoder to indicate end of LZMA1 and
other streams that don't have an end of payload marker.
Adjust dictionary size when the input file size is known.
Maybe do this only if an option is given.
xz doesn't support copying extended attributes, access control
lists etc. from source to target file.
Multithreaded compression:
- Reduce memory usage of the current method.
- Implement threaded match finders.
- Implement pigz-style threading in LZMA2.
Multithreaded decompression
Buffer-to-buffer coding could use less RAM (especially when
decompressing LZMA1 or LZMA2).
I/O library is not implemented (similar to gzopen() in zlib).
It will be a separate library that supports uncompressed, .gz,
.bz2, .lzma, and .xz files.
Support changing lzma_options_lzma.mode with lzma_filters_update().
Support LZMA_FULL_FLUSH for lzma_stream_decoder() to stop at
Block and Stream boundaries.
lzma_strerror() to convert lzma_ret to human readable form?
This is tricky, because the same error codes are used with
slightly different meanings, and this cannot be fixed anymore.
Make it possible to adjust LZMA2 options in the middle of a Block
so that the encoding speed vs. compression ratio can be optimized
when the compressed data is streamed over network.
Improved BCJ filters. The current filters are small but they aren't
so great when compressing binary packages that contain various file
types. Specifically, they make things worse if there are static
libraries or Linux kernel modules. The filtering could also be
more effective (without getting overly complex), for example,
streamable variant BCJ2 from 7-Zip could be implemented.
Filter that autodetects specific data types in the input stream
and applies appropriate filters for the corrects parts of the input.
Perhaps combine this with the BCJ filter improvement point above.
Long-range LZ77 method as a separate filter or as a new LZMA2
match finder.
Documentation
-------------
More tutorial programs are needed for liblzma.
Document the LZMA1 and LZMA2 algorithms.
Miscellaneous
------------
Try to get the media type for .xz registered at IANA.

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@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
liblzma example programs
========================
Introduction
The examples are written so that the same comments aren't
repeated (much) in later files.
On POSIX systems, the examples should build by just typing "make".
The examples that use stdin or stdout don't set stdin and stdout
to binary mode. On systems where it matters (e.g. Windows) it is
possible that the examples won't work without modification.
List of examples
01_compress_easy.c Multi-call compression using
a compression preset
02_decompress.c Multi-call decompression
03_compress_custom.c Like 01_compress_easy.c but using
a custom filter chain
(x86 BCJ + LZMA2)
04_compress_easy_mt.c Multi-threaded multi-call
compression using a compression
preset

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@@ -1,297 +0,0 @@
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
/// \file 01_compress_easy.c
/// \brief Compress from stdin to stdout in multi-call mode
///
/// Usage: ./01_compress_easy PRESET < INFILE > OUTFILE
///
/// Example: ./01_compress_easy 6 < foo > foo.xz
//
// Author: Lasse Collin
//
// This file has been put into the public domain.
// You can do whatever you want with this file.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <lzma.h>
static void
show_usage_and_exit(const char *argv0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s PRESET < INFILE > OUTFILE\n"
"PRESET is a number 0-9 and can optionally be "
"followed by `e' to indicate extreme preset\n",
argv0);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
static uint32_t
get_preset(int argc, char **argv)
{
// One argument whose first char must be 0-9.
if (argc != 2 || argv[1][0] < '0' || argv[1][0] > '9')
show_usage_and_exit(argv[0]);
// Calculate the preste level 0-9.
uint32_t preset = argv[1][0] - '0';
// If there is a second char, it must be 'e'. It will set
// the LZMA_PRESET_EXTREME flag.
if (argv[1][1] != '\0') {
if (argv[1][1] != 'e' || argv[1][2] != '\0')
show_usage_and_exit(argv[0]);
preset |= LZMA_PRESET_EXTREME;
}
return preset;
}
static bool
init_encoder(lzma_stream *strm, uint32_t preset)
{
// Initialize the encoder using a preset. Set the integrity to check
// to CRC64, which is the default in the xz command line tool. If
// the .xz file needs to be decompressed with XZ Embedded, use
// LZMA_CHECK_CRC32 instead.
lzma_ret ret = lzma_easy_encoder(strm, preset, LZMA_CHECK_CRC64);
// Return successfully if the initialization went fine.
if (ret == LZMA_OK)
return true;
// Something went wrong. The possible errors are documented in
// lzma/container.h (src/liblzma/api/lzma/container.h in the source
// package or e.g. /usr/include/lzma/container.h depending on the
// install prefix).
const char *msg;
switch (ret) {
case LZMA_MEM_ERROR:
msg = "Memory allocation failed";
break;
case LZMA_OPTIONS_ERROR:
msg = "Specified preset is not supported";
break;
case LZMA_UNSUPPORTED_CHECK:
msg = "Specified integrity check is not supported";
break;
default:
// This is most likely LZMA_PROG_ERROR indicating a bug in
// this program or in liblzma. It is inconvenient to have a
// separate error message for errors that should be impossible
// to occur, but knowing the error code is important for
// debugging. That's why it is good to print the error code
// at least when there is no good error message to show.
msg = "Unknown error, possibly a bug";
break;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Error initializing the encoder: %s (error code %u)\n",
msg, ret);
return false;
}
static bool
compress(lzma_stream *strm, FILE *infile, FILE *outfile)
{
// This will be LZMA_RUN until the end of the input file is reached.
// This tells lzma_code() when there will be no more input.
lzma_action action = LZMA_RUN;
// Buffers to temporarily hold uncompressed input
// and compressed output.
uint8_t inbuf[BUFSIZ];
uint8_t outbuf[BUFSIZ];
// Initialize the input and output pointers. Initializing next_in
// and avail_in isn't really necessary when we are going to encode
// just one file since LZMA_STREAM_INIT takes care of initializing
// those already. But it doesn't hurt much and it will be needed
// if encoding more than one file like we will in 02_decompress.c.
//
// While we don't care about strm->total_in or strm->total_out in this
// example, it is worth noting that initializing the encoder will
// always reset total_in and total_out to zero. But the encoder
// initialization doesn't touch next_in, avail_in, next_out, or
// avail_out.
strm->next_in = NULL;
strm->avail_in = 0;
strm->next_out = outbuf;
strm->avail_out = sizeof(outbuf);
// Loop until the file has been successfully compressed or until
// an error occurs.
while (true) {
// Fill the input buffer if it is empty.
if (strm->avail_in == 0 && !feof(infile)) {
strm->next_in = inbuf;
strm->avail_in = fread(inbuf, 1, sizeof(inbuf),
infile);
if (ferror(infile)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Read error: %s\n",
strerror(errno));
return false;
}
// Once the end of the input file has been reached,
// we need to tell lzma_code() that no more input
// will be coming and that it should finish the
// encoding.
if (feof(infile))
action = LZMA_FINISH;
}
// Tell liblzma do the actual encoding.
//
// This reads up to strm->avail_in bytes of input starting
// from strm->next_in. avail_in will be decremented and
// next_in incremented by an equal amount to match the
// number of input bytes consumed.
//
// Up to strm->avail_out bytes of compressed output will be
// written starting from strm->next_out. avail_out and next_out
// will be incremented by an equal amount to match the number
// of output bytes written.
//
// The encoder has to do internal buffering, which means that
// it may take quite a bit of input before the same data is
// available in compressed form in the output buffer.
lzma_ret ret = lzma_code(strm, action);
// If the output buffer is full or if the compression finished
// successfully, write the data from the output buffer to
// the output file.
if (strm->avail_out == 0 || ret == LZMA_STREAM_END) {
// When lzma_code() has returned LZMA_STREAM_END,
// the output buffer is likely to be only partially
// full. Calculate how much new data there is to
// be written to the output file.
size_t write_size = sizeof(outbuf) - strm->avail_out;
if (fwrite(outbuf, 1, write_size, outfile)
!= write_size) {
fprintf(stderr, "Write error: %s\n",
strerror(errno));
return false;
}
// Reset next_out and avail_out.
strm->next_out = outbuf;
strm->avail_out = sizeof(outbuf);
}
// Normally the return value of lzma_code() will be LZMA_OK
// until everything has been encoded.
if (ret != LZMA_OK) {
// Once everything has been encoded successfully, the
// return value of lzma_code() will be LZMA_STREAM_END.
//
// It is important to check for LZMA_STREAM_END. Do not
// assume that getting ret != LZMA_OK would mean that
// everything has gone well.
if (ret == LZMA_STREAM_END)
return true;
// It's not LZMA_OK nor LZMA_STREAM_END,
// so it must be an error code. See lzma/base.h
// (src/liblzma/api/lzma/base.h in the source package
// or e.g. /usr/include/lzma/base.h depending on the
// install prefix) for the list and documentation of
// possible values. Most values listen in lzma_ret
// enumeration aren't possible in this example.
const char *msg;
switch (ret) {
case LZMA_MEM_ERROR:
msg = "Memory allocation failed";
break;
case LZMA_DATA_ERROR:
// This error is returned if the compressed
// or uncompressed size get near 8 EiB
// (2^63 bytes) because that's where the .xz
// file format size limits currently are.
// That is, the possibility of this error
// is mostly theoretical unless you are doing
// something very unusual.
//
// Note that strm->total_in and strm->total_out
// have nothing to do with this error. Changing
// those variables won't increase or decrease
// the chance of getting this error.
msg = "File size limits exceeded";
break;
default:
// This is most likely LZMA_PROG_ERROR, but
// if this program is buggy (or liblzma has
// a bug), it may be e.g. LZMA_BUF_ERROR or
// LZMA_OPTIONS_ERROR too.
//
// It is inconvenient to have a separate
// error message for errors that should be
// impossible to occur, but knowing the error
// code is important for debugging. That's why
// it is good to print the error code at least
// when there is no good error message to show.
msg = "Unknown error, possibly a bug";
break;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Encoder error: %s (error code %u)\n",
msg, ret);
return false;
}
}
}
extern int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
// Get the preset number from the command line.
uint32_t preset = get_preset(argc, argv);
// Initialize a lzma_stream structure. When it is allocated on stack,
// it is simplest to use LZMA_STREAM_INIT macro like below. When it
// is allocated on heap, using memset(strmptr, 0, sizeof(*strmptr))
// works (as long as NULL pointers are represented with zero bits
// as they are on practically all computers today).
lzma_stream strm = LZMA_STREAM_INIT;
// Initialize the encoder. If it succeeds, compress from
// stdin to stdout.
bool success = init_encoder(&strm, preset);
if (success)
success = compress(&strm, stdin, stdout);
// Free the memory allocated for the encoder. If we were encoding
// multiple files, this would only need to be done after the last
// file. See 02_decompress.c for handling of multiple files.
//
// It is OK to call lzma_end() multiple times or when it hasn't been
// actually used except initialized with LZMA_STREAM_INIT.
lzma_end(&strm);
// Close stdout to catch possible write errors that can occur
// when pending data is flushed from the stdio buffers.
if (fclose(stdout)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Write error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
success = false;
}
return success ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
}

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@@ -1,287 +0,0 @@
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
/// \file 02_decompress.c
/// \brief Decompress .xz files to stdout
///
/// Usage: ./02_decompress INPUT_FILES... > OUTFILE
///
/// Example: ./02_decompress foo.xz bar.xz > foobar
//
// Author: Lasse Collin
//
// This file has been put into the public domain.
// You can do whatever you want with this file.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <lzma.h>
static bool
init_decoder(lzma_stream *strm)
{
// Initialize a .xz decoder. The decoder supports a memory usage limit
// and a set of flags.
//
// The memory usage of the decompressor depends on the settings used
// to compress a .xz file. It can vary from less than a megabyte to
// a few gigabytes, but in practice (at least for now) it rarely
// exceeds 65 MiB because that's how much memory is required to
// decompress files created with "xz -9". Settings requiring more
// memory take extra effort to use and don't (at least for now)
// provide significantly better compression in most cases.
//
// Memory usage limit is useful if it is important that the
// decompressor won't consume gigabytes of memory. The need
// for limiting depends on the application. In this example,
// no memory usage limiting is used. This is done by setting
// the limit to UINT64_MAX.
//
// The .xz format allows concatenating compressed files as is:
//
// echo foo | xz > foobar.xz
// echo bar | xz >> foobar.xz
//
// When decompressing normal standalone .xz files, LZMA_CONCATENATED
// should always be used to support decompression of concatenated
// .xz files. If LZMA_CONCATENATED isn't used, the decoder will stop
// after the first .xz stream. This can be useful when .xz data has
// been embedded inside another file format.
//
// Flags other than LZMA_CONCATENATED are supported too, and can
// be combined with bitwise-or. See lzma/container.h
// (src/liblzma/api/lzma/container.h in the source package or e.g.
// /usr/include/lzma/container.h depending on the install prefix)
// for details.
lzma_ret ret = lzma_stream_decoder(
strm, UINT64_MAX, LZMA_CONCATENATED);
// Return successfully if the initialization went fine.
if (ret == LZMA_OK)
return true;
// Something went wrong. The possible errors are documented in
// lzma/container.h (src/liblzma/api/lzma/container.h in the source
// package or e.g. /usr/include/lzma/container.h depending on the
// install prefix).
//
// Note that LZMA_MEMLIMIT_ERROR is never possible here. If you
// specify a very tiny limit, the error will be delayed until
// the first headers have been parsed by a call to lzma_code().
const char *msg;
switch (ret) {
case LZMA_MEM_ERROR:
msg = "Memory allocation failed";
break;
case LZMA_OPTIONS_ERROR:
msg = "Unsupported decompressor flags";
break;
default:
// This is most likely LZMA_PROG_ERROR indicating a bug in
// this program or in liblzma. It is inconvenient to have a
// separate error message for errors that should be impossible
// to occur, but knowing the error code is important for
// debugging. That's why it is good to print the error code
// at least when there is no good error message to show.
msg = "Unknown error, possibly a bug";
break;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Error initializing the decoder: %s (error code %u)\n",
msg, ret);
return false;
}
static bool
decompress(lzma_stream *strm, const char *inname, FILE *infile, FILE *outfile)
{
// When LZMA_CONCATENATED flag was used when initializing the decoder,
// we need to tell lzma_code() when there will be no more input.
// This is done by setting action to LZMA_FINISH instead of LZMA_RUN
// in the same way as it is done when encoding.
//
// When LZMA_CONCATENATED isn't used, there is no need to use
// LZMA_FINISH to tell when all the input has been read, but it
// is still OK to use it if you want. When LZMA_CONCATENATED isn't
// used, the decoder will stop after the first .xz stream. In that
// case some unused data may be left in strm->next_in.
lzma_action action = LZMA_RUN;
uint8_t inbuf[BUFSIZ];
uint8_t outbuf[BUFSIZ];
strm->next_in = NULL;
strm->avail_in = 0;
strm->next_out = outbuf;
strm->avail_out = sizeof(outbuf);
while (true) {
if (strm->avail_in == 0 && !feof(infile)) {
strm->next_in = inbuf;
strm->avail_in = fread(inbuf, 1, sizeof(inbuf),
infile);
if (ferror(infile)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Read error: %s\n",
inname, strerror(errno));
return false;
}
// Once the end of the input file has been reached,
// we need to tell lzma_code() that no more input
// will be coming. As said before, this isn't required
// if the LZMA_CONCATENATED flag isn't used when
// initializing the decoder.
if (feof(infile))
action = LZMA_FINISH;
}
lzma_ret ret = lzma_code(strm, action);
if (strm->avail_out == 0 || ret == LZMA_STREAM_END) {
size_t write_size = sizeof(outbuf) - strm->avail_out;
if (fwrite(outbuf, 1, write_size, outfile)
!= write_size) {
fprintf(stderr, "Write error: %s\n",
strerror(errno));
return false;
}
strm->next_out = outbuf;
strm->avail_out = sizeof(outbuf);
}
if (ret != LZMA_OK) {
// Once everything has been decoded successfully, the
// return value of lzma_code() will be LZMA_STREAM_END.
//
// It is important to check for LZMA_STREAM_END. Do not
// assume that getting ret != LZMA_OK would mean that
// everything has gone well or that when you aren't
// getting more output it must have successfully
// decoded everything.
if (ret == LZMA_STREAM_END)
return true;
// It's not LZMA_OK nor LZMA_STREAM_END,
// so it must be an error code. See lzma/base.h
// (src/liblzma/api/lzma/base.h in the source package
// or e.g. /usr/include/lzma/base.h depending on the
// install prefix) for the list and documentation of
// possible values. Many values listen in lzma_ret
// enumeration aren't possible in this example, but
// can be made possible by enabling memory usage limit
// or adding flags to the decoder initialization.
const char *msg;
switch (ret) {
case LZMA_MEM_ERROR:
msg = "Memory allocation failed";
break;
case LZMA_FORMAT_ERROR:
// .xz magic bytes weren't found.
msg = "The input is not in the .xz format";
break;
case LZMA_OPTIONS_ERROR:
// For example, the headers specify a filter
// that isn't supported by this liblzma
// version (or it hasn't been enabled when
// building liblzma, but no-one sane does
// that unless building liblzma for an
// embedded system). Upgrading to a newer
// liblzma might help.
//
// Note that it is unlikely that the file has
// accidentally became corrupt if you get this
// error. The integrity of the .xz headers is
// always verified with a CRC32, so
// unintentionally corrupt files can be
// distinguished from unsupported files.
msg = "Unsupported compression options";
break;
case LZMA_DATA_ERROR:
msg = "Compressed file is corrupt";
break;
case LZMA_BUF_ERROR:
// Typically this error means that a valid
// file has got truncated, but it might also
// be a damaged part in the file that makes
// the decoder think the file is truncated.
// If you prefer, you can use the same error
// message for this as for LZMA_DATA_ERROR.
msg = "Compressed file is truncated or "
"otherwise corrupt";
break;
default:
// This is most likely LZMA_PROG_ERROR.
msg = "Unknown error, possibly a bug";
break;
}
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Decoder error: "
"%s (error code %u)\n",
inname, msg, ret);
return false;
}
}
}
extern int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc <= 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s FILES...\n", argv[0]);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
lzma_stream strm = LZMA_STREAM_INIT;
bool success = true;
// Try to decompress all files.
for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
if (!init_decoder(&strm)) {
// Decoder initialization failed. There's no point
// to retry it so we need to exit.
success = false;
break;
}
FILE *infile = fopen(argv[i], "rb");
if (infile == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Error opening the "
"input file: %s\n",
argv[i], strerror(errno));
success = false;
} else {
success &= decompress(&strm, argv[i], infile, stdout);
fclose(infile);
}
}
// Free the memory allocated for the decoder. This only needs to be
// done after the last file.
lzma_end(&strm);
if (fclose(stdout)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Write error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
success = false;
}
return success ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
}

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@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
/// \file 03_compress_custom.c
/// \brief Compress in multi-call mode using x86 BCJ and LZMA2
///
/// Usage: ./03_compress_custom < INFILE > OUTFILE
///
/// Example: ./03_compress_custom < foo > foo.xz
//
// Author: Lasse Collin
//
// This file has been put into the public domain.
// You can do whatever you want with this file.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <lzma.h>
static bool
init_encoder(lzma_stream *strm)
{
// Use the default preset (6) for LZMA2.
//
// The lzma_options_lzma structure and the lzma_lzma_preset() function
// are declared in lzma/lzma12.h (src/liblzma/api/lzma/lzma12.h in the
// source package or e.g. /usr/include/lzma/lzma12.h depending on
// the install prefix).
lzma_options_lzma opt_lzma2;
if (lzma_lzma_preset(&opt_lzma2, LZMA_PRESET_DEFAULT)) {
// It should never fail because the default preset
// (and presets 0-9 optionally with LZMA_PRESET_EXTREME)
// are supported by all stable liblzma versions.
//
// (The encoder initialization later in this function may
// still fail due to unsupported preset *if* the features
// required by the preset have been disabled at build time,
// but no-one does such things except on embedded systems.)
fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported preset, possibly a bug\n");
return false;
}
// Now we could customize the LZMA2 options if we wanted. For example,
// we could set the the dictionary size (opt_lzma2.dict_size) to
// something else than the default (8 MiB) of the default preset.
// See lzma/lzma12.h for details of all LZMA2 options.
//
// The x86 BCJ filter will try to modify the x86 instruction stream so
// that LZMA2 can compress it better. The x86 BCJ filter doesn't need
// any options so it will be set to NULL below.
//
// Construct the filter chain. The uncompressed data goes first to
// the first filter in the array, in this case the x86 BCJ filter.
// The array is always terminated by setting .id = LZMA_VLI_UNKNOWN.
//
// See lzma/filter.h for more information about the lzma_filter
// structure.
lzma_filter filters[] = {
{ .id = LZMA_FILTER_X86, .options = NULL },
{ .id = LZMA_FILTER_LZMA2, .options = &opt_lzma2 },
{ .id = LZMA_VLI_UNKNOWN, .options = NULL },
};
// Initialize the encoder using the custom filter chain.
lzma_ret ret = lzma_stream_encoder(strm, filters, LZMA_CHECK_CRC64);
if (ret == LZMA_OK)
return true;
const char *msg;
switch (ret) {
case LZMA_MEM_ERROR:
msg = "Memory allocation failed";
break;
case LZMA_OPTIONS_ERROR:
// We are no longer using a plain preset so this error
// message has been edited accordingly compared to
// 01_compress_easy.c.
msg = "Specified filter chain is not supported";
break;
case LZMA_UNSUPPORTED_CHECK:
msg = "Specified integrity check is not supported";
break;
default:
msg = "Unknown error, possibly a bug";
break;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Error initializing the encoder: %s (error code %u)\n",
msg, ret);
return false;
}
// This function is identical to the one in 01_compress_easy.c.
static bool
compress(lzma_stream *strm, FILE *infile, FILE *outfile)
{
lzma_action action = LZMA_RUN;
uint8_t inbuf[BUFSIZ];
uint8_t outbuf[BUFSIZ];
strm->next_in = NULL;
strm->avail_in = 0;
strm->next_out = outbuf;
strm->avail_out = sizeof(outbuf);
while (true) {
if (strm->avail_in == 0 && !feof(infile)) {
strm->next_in = inbuf;
strm->avail_in = fread(inbuf, 1, sizeof(inbuf),
infile);
if (ferror(infile)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Read error: %s\n",
strerror(errno));
return false;
}
if (feof(infile))
action = LZMA_FINISH;
}
lzma_ret ret = lzma_code(strm, action);
if (strm->avail_out == 0 || ret == LZMA_STREAM_END) {
size_t write_size = sizeof(outbuf) - strm->avail_out;
if (fwrite(outbuf, 1, write_size, outfile)
!= write_size) {
fprintf(stderr, "Write error: %s\n",
strerror(errno));
return false;
}
strm->next_out = outbuf;
strm->avail_out = sizeof(outbuf);
}
if (ret != LZMA_OK) {
if (ret == LZMA_STREAM_END)
return true;
const char *msg;
switch (ret) {
case LZMA_MEM_ERROR:
msg = "Memory allocation failed";
break;
case LZMA_DATA_ERROR:
msg = "File size limits exceeded";
break;
default:
msg = "Unknown error, possibly a bug";
break;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Encoder error: %s (error code %u)\n",
msg, ret);
return false;
}
}
}
extern int
main(void)
{
lzma_stream strm = LZMA_STREAM_INIT;
bool success = init_encoder(&strm);
if (success)
success = compress(&strm, stdin, stdout);
lzma_end(&strm);
if (fclose(stdout)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Write error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
success = false;
}
return success ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
}

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@@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
/// \file 04_compress_easy_mt.c
/// \brief Compress in multi-call mode using LZMA2 in multi-threaded mode
///
/// Usage: ./04_compress_easy_mt < INFILE > OUTFILE
///
/// Example: ./04_compress_easy_mt < foo > foo.xz
//
// Author: Lasse Collin
//
// This file has been put into the public domain.
// You can do whatever you want with this file.
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <lzma.h>
static bool
init_encoder(lzma_stream *strm)
{
// The threaded encoder takes the options as pointer to
// a lzma_mt structure.
lzma_mt mt = {
// No flags are needed.
.flags = 0,
// Let liblzma determine a sane block size.
.block_size = 0,
// Use no timeout for lzma_code() calls by setting timeout
// to zero. That is, sometimes lzma_code() might block for
// a long time (from several seconds to even minutes).
// If this is not OK, for example due to progress indicator
// needing updates, specify a timeout in milliseconds here.
// See the documentation of lzma_mt in lzma/container.h for
// information how to choose a reasonable timeout.
.timeout = 0,
// Use the default preset (6) for LZMA2.
// To use a preset, filters must be set to NULL.
.preset = LZMA_PRESET_DEFAULT,
.filters = NULL,
// Use CRC64 for integrity checking. See also
// 01_compress_easy.c about choosing the integrity check.
.check = LZMA_CHECK_CRC64,
};
// Detect how many threads the CPU supports.
mt.threads = lzma_cputhreads();
// If the number of CPU cores/threads cannot be detected,
// use one thread. Note that this isn't the same as the normal
// single-threaded mode as this will still split the data into
// blocks and use more RAM than the normal single-threaded mode.
// You may want to consider using lzma_easy_encoder() or
// lzma_stream_encoder() instead of lzma_stream_encoder_mt() if
// lzma_cputhreads() returns 0 or 1.
if (mt.threads == 0)
mt.threads = 1;
// If the number of CPU cores/threads exceeds threads_max,
// limit the number of threads to keep memory usage lower.
// The number 8 is arbitrarily chosen and may be too low or
// high depending on the compression preset and the computer
// being used.
//
// FIXME: A better way could be to check the amount of RAM
// (or available RAM) and use lzma_stream_encoder_mt_memusage()
// to determine if the number of threads should be reduced.
const uint32_t threads_max = 8;
if (mt.threads > threads_max)
mt.threads = threads_max;
// Initialize the threaded encoder.
lzma_ret ret = lzma_stream_encoder_mt(strm, &mt);
if (ret == LZMA_OK)
return true;
const char *msg;
switch (ret) {
case LZMA_MEM_ERROR:
msg = "Memory allocation failed";
break;
case LZMA_OPTIONS_ERROR:
// We are no longer using a plain preset so this error
// message has been edited accordingly compared to
// 01_compress_easy.c.
msg = "Specified filter chain is not supported";
break;
case LZMA_UNSUPPORTED_CHECK:
msg = "Specified integrity check is not supported";
break;
default:
msg = "Unknown error, possibly a bug";
break;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Error initializing the encoder: %s (error code %u)\n",
msg, ret);
return false;
}
// This function is identical to the one in 01_compress_easy.c.
static bool
compress(lzma_stream *strm, FILE *infile, FILE *outfile)
{
lzma_action action = LZMA_RUN;
uint8_t inbuf[BUFSIZ];
uint8_t outbuf[BUFSIZ];
strm->next_in = NULL;
strm->avail_in = 0;
strm->next_out = outbuf;
strm->avail_out = sizeof(outbuf);
while (true) {
if (strm->avail_in == 0 && !feof(infile)) {
strm->next_in = inbuf;
strm->avail_in = fread(inbuf, 1, sizeof(inbuf),
infile);
if (ferror(infile)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Read error: %s\n",
strerror(errno));
return false;
}
if (feof(infile))
action = LZMA_FINISH;
}
lzma_ret ret = lzma_code(strm, action);
if (strm->avail_out == 0 || ret == LZMA_STREAM_END) {
size_t write_size = sizeof(outbuf) - strm->avail_out;
if (fwrite(outbuf, 1, write_size, outfile)
!= write_size) {
fprintf(stderr, "Write error: %s\n",
strerror(errno));
return false;
}
strm->next_out = outbuf;
strm->avail_out = sizeof(outbuf);
}
if (ret != LZMA_OK) {
if (ret == LZMA_STREAM_END)
return true;
const char *msg;
switch (ret) {
case LZMA_MEM_ERROR:
msg = "Memory allocation failed";
break;
case LZMA_DATA_ERROR:
msg = "File size limits exceeded";
break;
default:
msg = "Unknown error, possibly a bug";
break;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Encoder error: %s (error code %u)\n",
msg, ret);
return false;
}
}
}
extern int
main(void)
{
lzma_stream strm = LZMA_STREAM_INIT;
bool success = init_encoder(&strm);
if (success)
success = compress(&strm, stdin, stdout);
lzma_end(&strm);
if (fclose(stdout)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Write error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
success = false;
}
return success ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
}

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@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
#
# Author: Lasse Collin
#
# This file has been put into the public domain.
# You can do whatever you want with this file.
#
CC = c99
CFLAGS = -g
LDFLAGS = -llzma
PROGS = \
01_compress_easy \
02_decompress \
03_compress_custom \
04_compress_easy_mt
all: $(PROGS)
.c:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $< $(LDFLAGS)
clean:
-rm -f $(PROGS)

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@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
/*
* xz_pipe_comp.c
* A simple example of pipe-only xz compressor implementation.
* version: 2010-07-12 - by Daniel Mealha Cabrita
* Not copyrighted -- provided to the public domain.
*
* Compiling:
* Link with liblzma. GCC example:
* $ gcc -llzma xz_pipe_comp.c -o xz_pipe_comp
*
* Usage example:
* $ cat some_file | ./xz_pipe_comp > some_file.xz
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <lzma.h>
/* COMPRESSION SETTINGS */
/* analogous to xz CLI options: -0 to -9 */
#define COMPRESSION_LEVEL 6
/* boolean setting, analogous to xz CLI option: -e */
#define COMPRESSION_EXTREME true
/* see: /usr/include/lzma/check.h LZMA_CHECK_* */
#define INTEGRITY_CHECK LZMA_CHECK_CRC64
/* read/write buffer sizes */
#define IN_BUF_MAX 4096
#define OUT_BUF_MAX 4096
/* error codes */
#define RET_OK 0
#define RET_ERROR_INIT 1
#define RET_ERROR_INPUT 2
#define RET_ERROR_OUTPUT 3
#define RET_ERROR_COMPRESSION 4
/* note: in_file and out_file must be open already */
int xz_compress (FILE *in_file, FILE *out_file)
{
uint32_t preset = COMPRESSION_LEVEL | (COMPRESSION_EXTREME ? LZMA_PRESET_EXTREME : 0);
lzma_check check = INTEGRITY_CHECK;
lzma_stream strm = LZMA_STREAM_INIT; /* alloc and init lzma_stream struct */
uint8_t in_buf [IN_BUF_MAX];
uint8_t out_buf [OUT_BUF_MAX];
size_t in_len; /* length of useful data in in_buf */
size_t out_len; /* length of useful data in out_buf */
bool in_finished = false;
bool out_finished = false;
lzma_action action;
lzma_ret ret_xz;
int ret;
ret = RET_OK;
/* initialize xz encoder */
ret_xz = lzma_easy_encoder (&strm, preset, check);
if (ret_xz != LZMA_OK) {
fprintf (stderr, "lzma_easy_encoder error: %d\n", (int) ret_xz);
return RET_ERROR_INIT;
}
while ((! in_finished) && (! out_finished)) {
/* read incoming data */
in_len = fread (in_buf, 1, IN_BUF_MAX, in_file);
if (feof (in_file)) {
in_finished = true;
}
if (ferror (in_file)) {
in_finished = true;
ret = RET_ERROR_INPUT;
}
strm.next_in = in_buf;
strm.avail_in = in_len;
/* if no more data from in_buf, flushes the
internal xz buffers and closes the xz data
with LZMA_FINISH */
action = in_finished ? LZMA_FINISH : LZMA_RUN;
/* loop until there's no pending compressed output */
do {
/* out_buf is clean at this point */
strm.next_out = out_buf;
strm.avail_out = OUT_BUF_MAX;
/* compress data */
ret_xz = lzma_code (&strm, action);
if ((ret_xz != LZMA_OK) && (ret_xz != LZMA_STREAM_END)) {
fprintf (stderr, "lzma_code error: %d\n", (int) ret_xz);
out_finished = true;
ret = RET_ERROR_COMPRESSION;
} else {
/* write compressed data */
out_len = OUT_BUF_MAX - strm.avail_out;
fwrite (out_buf, 1, out_len, out_file);
if (ferror (out_file)) {
out_finished = true;
ret = RET_ERROR_OUTPUT;
}
}
} while (strm.avail_out == 0);
}
lzma_end (&strm);
return ret;
}
int main ()
{
int ret;
ret = xz_compress (stdin, stdout);
return ret;
}

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@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
/*
* xz_pipe_decomp.c
* A simple example of pipe-only xz decompressor implementation.
* version: 2012-06-14 - by Daniel Mealha Cabrita
* Not copyrighted -- provided to the public domain.
*
* Compiling:
* Link with liblzma. GCC example:
* $ gcc -llzma xz_pipe_decomp.c -o xz_pipe_decomp
*
* Usage example:
* $ cat some_file.xz | ./xz_pipe_decomp > some_file
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <lzma.h>
/* read/write buffer sizes */
#define IN_BUF_MAX 4096
#define OUT_BUF_MAX 4096
/* error codes */
#define RET_OK 0
#define RET_ERROR_INIT 1
#define RET_ERROR_INPUT 2
#define RET_ERROR_OUTPUT 3
#define RET_ERROR_DECOMPRESSION 4
/* note: in_file and out_file must be open already */
int xz_decompress (FILE *in_file, FILE *out_file)
{
lzma_stream strm = LZMA_STREAM_INIT; /* alloc and init lzma_stream struct */
const uint32_t flags = LZMA_TELL_UNSUPPORTED_CHECK | LZMA_CONCATENATED;
const uint64_t memory_limit = UINT64_MAX; /* no memory limit */
uint8_t in_buf [IN_BUF_MAX];
uint8_t out_buf [OUT_BUF_MAX];
size_t in_len; /* length of useful data in in_buf */
size_t out_len; /* length of useful data in out_buf */
bool in_finished = false;
bool out_finished = false;
lzma_action action;
lzma_ret ret_xz;
int ret;
ret = RET_OK;
/* initialize xz decoder */
ret_xz = lzma_stream_decoder (&strm, memory_limit, flags);
if (ret_xz != LZMA_OK) {
fprintf (stderr, "lzma_stream_decoder error: %d\n", (int) ret_xz);
return RET_ERROR_INIT;
}
while ((! in_finished) && (! out_finished)) {
/* read incoming data */
in_len = fread (in_buf, 1, IN_BUF_MAX, in_file);
if (feof (in_file)) {
in_finished = true;
}
if (ferror (in_file)) {
in_finished = true;
ret = RET_ERROR_INPUT;
}
strm.next_in = in_buf;
strm.avail_in = in_len;
/* if no more data from in_buf, flushes the
internal xz buffers and closes the decompressed data
with LZMA_FINISH */
action = in_finished ? LZMA_FINISH : LZMA_RUN;
/* loop until there's no pending decompressed output */
do {
/* out_buf is clean at this point */
strm.next_out = out_buf;
strm.avail_out = OUT_BUF_MAX;
/* decompress data */
ret_xz = lzma_code (&strm, action);
if ((ret_xz != LZMA_OK) && (ret_xz != LZMA_STREAM_END)) {
fprintf (stderr, "lzma_code error: %d\n", (int) ret_xz);
out_finished = true;
ret = RET_ERROR_DECOMPRESSION;
} else {
/* write decompressed data */
out_len = OUT_BUF_MAX - strm.avail_out;
fwrite (out_buf, 1, out_len, out_file);
if (ferror (out_file)) {
out_finished = true;
ret = RET_ERROR_OUTPUT;
}
}
} while (strm.avail_out == 0);
}
/* Bug fix (2012-06-14): If no errors were detected, check
that the last lzma_code() call returned LZMA_STREAM_END.
If not, the file is probably truncated. */
if ((ret == RET_OK) && (ret_xz != LZMA_STREAM_END)) {
fprintf (stderr, "Input truncated or corrupt\n");
ret = RET_ERROR_DECOMPRESSION;
}
lzma_end (&strm);
return ret;
}
int main ()
{
int ret;
ret = xz_decompress (stdin, stdout);
return ret;
}

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@@ -1,244 +0,0 @@
XZ Utils FAQ
============
Q: What do the letters XZ mean?
A: Nothing. They are just two letters, which come from the file format
suffix .xz. The .xz suffix was selected, because it seemed to be
pretty much unused. It has no deeper meaning.
Q: What are LZMA and LZMA2?
A: LZMA stands for Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain-Algorithm. It is the name
of the compression algorithm designed by Igor Pavlov for 7-Zip.
LZMA is based on LZ77 and range encoding.
LZMA2 is an updated version of the original LZMA to fix a couple of
practical issues. In context of XZ Utils, LZMA is called LZMA1 to
emphasize that LZMA is not the same thing as LZMA2. LZMA2 is the
primary compression algorithm in the .xz file format.
Q: There are many LZMA related projects. How does XZ Utils relate to them?
A: 7-Zip and LZMA SDK are the original projects. LZMA SDK is roughly
a subset of the 7-Zip source tree.
p7zip is 7-Zip's command-line tools ported to POSIX-like systems.
LZMA Utils provide a gzip-like lzma tool for POSIX-like systems.
LZMA Utils are based on LZMA SDK. XZ Utils are the successor to
LZMA Utils.
There are several other projects using LZMA. Most are more or less
based on LZMA SDK. See <https://7-zip.org/links.html>.
Q: Why is liblzma named liblzma if its primary file format is .xz?
Shouldn't it be e.g. libxz?
A: When the designing of the .xz format began, the idea was to replace
the .lzma format and use the same .lzma suffix. It would have been
quite OK to reuse the suffix when there were very few .lzma files
around. However, the old .lzma format became popular before the
new format was finished. The new format was renamed to .xz but the
name of liblzma wasn't changed.
Q: Do XZ Utils support the .7z format?
A: No. Use 7-Zip (Windows) or p7zip (POSIX-like systems) to handle .7z
files.
Q: I have many .tar.7z files. Can I convert them to .tar.xz without
spending hours recompressing the data?
A: In the "extra" directory, there is a script named 7z2lzma.bash which
is able to convert some .7z files to the .lzma format (not .xz). It
needs the 7za (or 7z) command from p7zip. The script may silently
produce corrupt output if certain assumptions are not met, so
decompress the resulting .lzma file and compare it against the
original before deleting the original file!
Q: I have many .lzma files. Can I quickly convert them to the .xz format?
A: For now, no. Since XZ Utils supports the .lzma format, it's usually
not too bad to keep the old files in the old format. If you want to
do the conversion anyway, you need to decompress the .lzma files and
then recompress to the .xz format.
Technically, there is a way to make the conversion relatively fast
(roughly twice the time that normal decompression takes). Writing
such a tool would take quite a bit of time though, and would probably
be useful to only a few people. If you really want such a conversion
tool, contact Lasse Collin and offer some money.
Q: I have installed xz, but my tar doesn't recognize .tar.xz files.
How can I extract .tar.xz files?
A: xz -dc foo.tar.xz | tar xf -
Q: Can I recover parts of a broken .xz file (e.g. a corrupted CD-R)?
A: It may be possible if the file consists of multiple blocks, which
typically is not the case if the file was created in single-threaded
mode. There is no recovery program yet.
Q: Is (some part of) XZ Utils patented?
A: Lasse Collin is not aware of any patents that could affect XZ Utils.
However, due to the nature of software patents, it's not possible to
guarantee that XZ Utils isn't affected by any third party patent(s).
Q: Where can I find documentation about the file format and algorithms?
A: The .xz format is documented in xz-file-format.txt. It is a container
format only, and doesn't include descriptions of any non-trivial
filters.
Documenting LZMA and LZMA2 is planned, but for now, there is no other
documentation than the source code. Before you begin, you should know
the basics of LZ77 and range-coding algorithms. LZMA is based on LZ77,
but LZMA is a lot more complex. Range coding is used to compress
the final bitstream like Huffman coding is used in Deflate.
Q: I cannot find BCJ and BCJ2 filters. Don't they exist in liblzma?
A: BCJ filter is called "x86" in liblzma. BCJ2 is not included,
because it requires using more than one encoded output stream.
Q: I need to use a script that runs "xz -9". On a system with 256 MiB
of RAM, xz says that it cannot allocate memory. Can I make the
script work without modifying it?
A: Set a default memory usage limit for compression. You can do it e.g.
in a shell initialization script such as ~/.bashrc or /etc/profile:
XZ_DEFAULTS=--memlimit-compress=150MiB
export XZ_DEFAULTS
xz will then scale the compression settings down so that the given
memory usage limit is not reached. This way xz shouldn't run out
of memory.
Check also that memory-related resource limits are high enough.
On most systems, "ulimit -a" will show the current resource limits.
Q: How do I create files that can be decompressed with XZ Embedded?
A: See the documentation in XZ Embedded. In short, something like
this is a good start:
xz --check=crc32 --lzma2=preset=6e,dict=64KiB
Or if a BCJ filter is needed too, e.g. if compressing
a kernel image for PowerPC:
xz --check=crc32 --powerpc --lzma2=preset=6e,dict=64KiB
Adjust the dictionary size to get a good compromise between
compression ratio and decompressor memory usage. Note that
in single-call decompression mode of XZ Embedded, a big
dictionary doesn't increase memory usage.
Q: How is multi-threaded compression implemented in XZ Utils?
A: The simplest method is splitting the uncompressed data into blocks
and compressing them in parallel independent from each other.
This is currently the only threading method supported in XZ Utils.
Since the blocks are compressed independently, they can also be
decompressed independently. Together with the index feature in .xz,
this allows using threads to create .xz files for random-access
reading. This also makes threaded decompression possible.
The independent blocks method has a couple of disadvantages too. It
will compress worse than a single-block method. Often the difference
is not too big (maybe 1-2 %) but sometimes it can be too big. Also,
the memory usage of the compressor increases linearly when adding
threads.
At least two other threading methods are possible but these haven't
been implemented in XZ Utils:
Match finder parallelization has been in 7-Zip for ages. It doesn't
affect compression ratio or memory usage significantly. Among the
three threading methods, only this is useful when compressing small
files (files that are not significantly bigger than the dictionary).
Unfortunately this method scales only to about two CPU cores.
The third method is pigz-style threading (I use that name, because
pigz <https://www.zlib.net/pigz/> uses that method). It doesn't
affect compression ratio significantly and scales to many cores.
The memory usage scales linearly when threads are added. This isn't
significant with pigz, because Deflate uses only a 32 KiB dictionary,
but with LZMA2 the memory usage will increase dramatically just like
with the independent-blocks method. There is also a constant
computational overhead, which may make pigz-method a bit dull on
dual-core compared to the parallel match finder method, but with more
cores the overhead is not a big deal anymore.
Combining the threading methods will be possible and also useful.
For example, combining match finder parallelization with pigz-style
threading or independent-blocks-threading can cut the memory usage
by 50 %.
Q: I told xz to use many threads but it is using only one or two
processor cores. What is wrong?
A: Since multi-threaded compression is done by splitting the data into
blocks that are compressed individually, if the input file is too
small for the block size, then many threads cannot be used. The
default block size increases when the compression level is
increased. For example, xz -6 uses 8 MiB LZMA2 dictionary and
24 MiB blocks, and xz -9 uses 64 MiB LZMA dictionary and 192 MiB
blocks. If the input file is 100 MiB, xz -6 can use five threads
of which one will finish quickly as it has only 4 MiB to compress.
However, for the same file, xz -9 can only use one thread.
One can adjust block size with --block-size=SIZE but making the
block size smaller than LZMA2 dictionary is waste of RAM: using
xz -9 with 6 MiB blocks isn't any better than using xz -6 with
6 MiB blocks. The default settings use a block size bigger than
the LZMA2 dictionary size because this was seen as a reasonable
compromise between RAM usage and compression ratio.
When decompressing, the ability to use threads depends on how the
file was created. If it was created in multi-threaded mode then
it can be decompressed in multi-threaded mode too if there are
multiple blocks in the file.
Q: How do I build a program that needs liblzmadec (lzmadec.h)?
A: liblzmadec is part of LZMA Utils. XZ Utils has liblzma, but no
liblzmadec. The code using liblzmadec should be ported to use
liblzma instead. If you cannot or don't want to do that, download
LZMA Utils from <https://tukaani.org/lzma/>.
Q: The default build of liblzma is too big. How can I make it smaller?
A: Give --enable-small to the configure script. Use also appropriate
--enable or --disable options to include only those filter encoders
and decoders and integrity checks that you actually need. Use
CFLAGS=-Os (with GCC) or equivalent to tell your compiler to optimize
for size. See INSTALL for information about configure options.
If the result is still too big, take a look at XZ Embedded. It is
a separate project, which provides a limited but significantly
smaller XZ decoder implementation than XZ Utils. You can find it
at <https://tukaani.org/xz/embedded.html>.

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@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
History of LZMA Utils and XZ Utils
==================================
Tukaani distribution
In 2005, there was a small group working on the Tukaani distribution,
which was a Slackware fork. One of the project's goals was to fit the
distro on a single 700 MiB ISO-9660 image. Using LZMA instead of gzip
helped a lot. Roughly speaking, one could fit data that took 1000 MiB
in gzipped form into 700 MiB with LZMA. Naturally, the compression
ratio varied across packages, but this was what we got on average.
Slackware packages have traditionally had .tgz as the filename suffix,
which is an abbreviation of .tar.gz. A logical naming for LZMA
compressed packages was .tlz, being an abbreviation of .tar.lzma.
At the end of the year 2007, there was no distribution under the
Tukaani project anymore, but development of LZMA Utils was kept going.
Still, there were .tlz packages around, because at least Vector Linux
(a Slackware based distribution) used LZMA for its packages.
First versions of the modified pkgtools used the LZMA_Alone tool from
Igor Pavlov's LZMA SDK as is. It was fine, because users wouldn't need
to interact with LZMA_Alone directly. But people soon wanted to use
LZMA for other files too, and the interface of LZMA_Alone wasn't
comfortable for those used to gzip and bzip2.
First steps of LZMA Utils
The first version of LZMA Utils (4.22.0) included a shell script called
lzmash. It was a wrapper that had a gzip-like command-line interface. It
used the LZMA_Alone tool from LZMA SDK to do all the real work. zgrep,
zdiff, and related scripts from gzip were adapted to work with LZMA and
were part of the first LZMA Utils release too.
LZMA Utils 4.22.0 included also lzmadec, which was a small (less than
10 KiB) decoder-only command-line tool. It was written on top of the
decoder-only C code found from the LZMA SDK. lzmadec was convenient in
situations where LZMA_Alone (a few hundred KiB) would be too big.
lzmash and lzmadec were written by Lasse Collin.
Second generation
The lzmash script was an ugly and not very secure hack. The last
version of LZMA Utils to use lzmash was 4.27.1.
LZMA Utils 4.32.0beta1 introduced a new lzma command-line tool written
by Ville Koskinen. It was written in C++, and used the encoder and
decoder from C++ LZMA SDK with some little modifications. This tool
replaced both the lzmash script and the LZMA_Alone command-line tool
in LZMA Utils.
Introducing this new tool caused some temporary incompatibilities,
because the LZMA_Alone executable was simply named lzma like the new
command-line tool, but they had a completely different command-line
interface. The file format was still the same.
Lasse wrote liblzmadec, which was a small decoder-only library based
on the C code found from LZMA SDK. liblzmadec had an API similar to
zlib, although there were some significant differences, which made it
non-trivial to use it in some applications designed for zlib and
libbzip2.
The lzmadec command-line tool was converted to use liblzmadec.
Alexandre Sauvé helped converting the build system to use GNU
Autotools. This made it easier to test for certain less portable
features needed by the new command-line tool.
Since the new command-line tool never got completely finished (for
example, it didn't support the LZMA_OPT environment variable), the
intent was to not call 4.32.x stable. Similarly, liblzmadec wasn't
polished, but appeared to work well enough, so some people started
using it too.
Because the development of the third generation of LZMA Utils was
delayed considerably (3-4 years), the 4.32.x branch had to be kept
maintained. It got some bug fixes now and then, and finally it was
decided to call it stable, although most of the missing features were
never added.
File format problems
The file format used by LZMA_Alone was primitive. It was designed with
embedded systems in mind, and thus provided only a minimal set of
features. The two biggest problems for non-embedded use were the lack
of magic bytes and an integrity check.
Igor and Lasse started developing a new file format with some help
from Ville Koskinen. Also Mark Adler, Mikko Pouru, H. Peter Anvin,
and Lars Wirzenius helped with some minor things at some point of the
development. Designing the new format took quite a long time (actually,
too long a time would be a more appropriate expression). It was mostly
because Lasse was quite slow at getting things done due to personal
reasons.
Originally the new format was supposed to use the same .lzma suffix
that was already used by the old file format. Switching to the new
format wouldn't have caused much trouble when the old format wasn't
used by many people. But since the development of the new format took
such a long time, the old format got quite popular, and it was decided
that the new file format must use a different suffix.
It was decided to use .xz as the suffix of the new file format. The
first stable .xz file format specification was finally released in
December 2008. In addition to fixing the most obvious problems of
the old .lzma format, the .xz format added some new features like
support for multiple filters (compression algorithms), filter chaining
(like piping on the command line), and limited random-access reading.
Currently the primary compression algorithm used in .xz is LZMA2.
It is an extension on top of the original LZMA to fix some practical
problems: LZMA2 adds support for flushing the encoder, uncompressed
chunks, eases stateful decoder implementations, and improves support
for multithreading. Since LZMA2 is better than the original LZMA, the
original LZMA is not supported in .xz.
Transition to XZ Utils
The early versions of XZ Utils were called LZMA Utils. The first
releases were 4.42.0alphas. They dropped the rest of the C++ LZMA SDK.
The code was still directly based on LZMA SDK but ported to C and
converted from a callback API to a stateful API. Later, Igor Pavlov
made a C version of the LZMA encoder too; these ports from C++ to C
were independent in LZMA SDK and LZMA Utils.
The core of the new LZMA Utils was liblzma, a compression library with
a zlib-like API. liblzma supported both the old and new file format.
The gzip-like lzma command-line tool was rewritten to use liblzma.
The new LZMA Utils code base was renamed to XZ Utils when the name
of the new file format had been decided. The liblzma compression
library retained its name though, because changing it would have
caused unnecessary breakage in applications already using the early
liblzma snapshots.
The xz command-line tool can emulate the gzip-like lzma tool by
creating appropriate symlinks (e.g. lzma -> xz). Thus, practically
all scripts using the lzma tool from LZMA Utils will work as is with
XZ Utils (and will keep using the old .lzma format). Still, the .lzma
format is more or less deprecated. XZ Utils will keep supporting it,
but new applications should use the .xz format, and migrating old
applications to .xz is often a good idea too.

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@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
The .lzma File Format
=====================
0. Preface
0.1. Notices and Acknowledgements
0.2. Changes
1. File Format
1.1. Header
1.1.1. Properties
1.1.2. Dictionary Size
1.1.3. Uncompressed Size
1.2. LZMA Compressed Data
2. References
0. Preface
This document describes the .lzma file format, which is
sometimes also called LZMA_Alone format. It is a legacy file
format, which is being or has been replaced by the .xz format.
The MIME type of the .lzma format is `application/x-lzma'.
The most commonly used software to handle .lzma files are
LZMA SDK, LZMA Utils, 7-Zip, and XZ Utils. This document
describes some of the differences between these implementations
and gives hints what subset of the .lzma format is the most
portable.
0.1. Notices and Acknowledgements
This file format was designed by Igor Pavlov for use in
LZMA SDK. This document was written by Lasse Collin
<lasse.collin@tukaani.org> using the documentation found
from the LZMA SDK.
This document has been put into the public domain.
0.2. Changes
Last modified: 2022-07-13 21:00+0300
Compared to the previous version (2011-04-12 11:55+0300)
the section 1.1.3 was modified to allow End of Payload Marker
with a known Uncompressed Size.
1. File Format
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+==========================+
| Header | LZMA Compressed Data |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+==========================+
The .lzma format file consist of 13-byte Header followed by
the LZMA Compressed Data.
Unlike the .gz, .bz2, and .xz formats, it is not possible to
concatenate multiple .lzma files as is and expect the
decompression tool to decode the resulting file as if it were
a single .lzma file.
For example, the command line tools from LZMA Utils and
LZMA SDK silently ignore all the data after the first .lzma
stream. In contrast, the command line tool from XZ Utils
considers the .lzma file to be corrupt if there is data after
the first .lzma stream.
1.1. Header
+------------+----+----+----+----+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| Properties | Dictionary Size | Uncompressed Size |
+------------+----+----+----+----+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
1.1.1. Properties
The Properties field contains three properties. An abbreviation
is given in parentheses, followed by the value range of the
property. The field consists of
1) the number of literal context bits (lc, [0, 8]);
2) the number of literal position bits (lp, [0, 4]); and
3) the number of position bits (pb, [0, 4]).
The properties are encoded using the following formula:
Properties = (pb * 5 + lp) * 9 + lc
The following C code illustrates a straightforward way to
decode the Properties field:
uint8_t lc, lp, pb;
uint8_t prop = get_lzma_properties();
if (prop > (4 * 5 + 4) * 9 + 8)
return LZMA_PROPERTIES_ERROR;
pb = prop / (9 * 5);
prop -= pb * 9 * 5;
lp = prop / 9;
lc = prop - lp * 9;
XZ Utils has an additional requirement: lc + lp <= 4. Files
which don't follow this requirement cannot be decompressed
with XZ Utils. Usually this isn't a problem since the most
common lc/lp/pb values are 3/0/2. It is the only lc/lp/pb
combination that the files created by LZMA Utils can have,
but LZMA Utils can decompress files with any lc/lp/pb.
1.1.2. Dictionary Size
Dictionary Size is stored as an unsigned 32-bit little endian
integer. Any 32-bit value is possible, but for maximum
portability, only sizes of 2^n and 2^n + 2^(n-1) should be
used.
LZMA Utils creates only files with dictionary size 2^n,
16 <= n <= 25. LZMA Utils can decompress files with any
dictionary size.
XZ Utils creates and decompresses .lzma files only with
dictionary sizes 2^n and 2^n + 2^(n-1). If some other
dictionary size is specified when compressing, the value
stored in the Dictionary Size field is a rounded up, but the
specified value is still used in the actual compression code.
1.1.3. Uncompressed Size
Uncompressed Size is stored as unsigned 64-bit little endian
integer. A special value of 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF indicates
that Uncompressed Size is unknown. End of Payload Marker (*)
is used if Uncompressed Size is unknown. End of Payload Marker
is allowed but rarely used if Uncompressed Size is known.
XZ Utils 5.2.5 and older don't support .lzma files that have
End of Payload Marker together with a known Uncompressed Size.
XZ Utils rejects files whose Uncompressed Size field specifies
a known size that is 256 GiB or more. This is to reject false
positives when trying to guess if the input file is in the
.lzma format. When Uncompressed Size is unknown, there is no
limit for the uncompressed size of the file.
(*) Some tools use the term End of Stream (EOS) marker
instead of End of Payload Marker.
1.2. LZMA Compressed Data
Detailed description of the format of this field is out of
scope of this document.
2. References
LZMA SDK - The original LZMA implementation
http://7-zip.org/sdk.html
7-Zip
http://7-zip.org/
LZMA Utils - LZMA adapted to POSIX-like systems
http://tukaani.org/lzma/
XZ Utils - The next generation of LZMA Utils
http://tukaani.org/xz/
The .xz file format - The successor of the .lzma format
http://tukaani.org/xz/xz-file-format.txt

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@@ -1,811 +0,0 @@
This is libquadmath.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.5 from
libquadmath.texi.
Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts
being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License."
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and
modify this GNU manual.
INFO-DIR-SECTION GNU Libraries
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* libquadmath: (libquadmath). GCC Quad-Precision Math Library
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
This manual documents the GCC Quad-Precision Math Library API.
Published by the Free Software Foundation 51 Franklin Street, Fifth
Floor Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Copyright (C) 2010-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts
being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License."
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and
modify this GNU manual.

File: libquadmath.info, Node: Top, Next: Typedef and constants, Up: (dir)
Introduction
************
This manual documents the usage of libquadmath, the GCC Quad-Precision
Math Library Application Programming Interface (API).
* Menu:
* Typedef and constants:: Defined data types and constants
* Math Library Routines:: The Libquadmath math runtime application
programming interface.
* I/O Library Routines:: The Libquadmath I/O runtime application
programming interface.
* GNU Free Documentation License::
How you can copy and share this manual.
* Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs in GCC Libquadmath.

File: libquadmath.info, Node: Typedef and constants, Next: Math Library Routines, Prev: Top, Up: Top
1 Typedef and constants
***********************
The following data type has been defined via 'typedef'.
'__complex128': '__float128'-based complex number
The following macros are defined, which give the numeric limits of
the '__float128' data type.
'FLT128_MAX': largest finite number
'FLT128_MIN': smallest positive number with full precision
'FLT128_EPSILON': difference between 1 and the next larger
representable number
'FLT128_DENORM_MIN': smallest positive denormalized number
'FLT128_MANT_DIG': number of digits in the mantissa (bit precision)
'FLT128_MIN_EXP': maximal negative exponent
'FLT128_MAX_EXP': maximal positive exponent
'FLT128_DIG': number of decimal digits in the mantissa
'FLT128_MIN_10_EXP': maximal negative decimal exponent
'FLT128_MAX_10_EXP': maximal positive decimal exponent
The following mathematical constants of type '__float128' are
defined.
'M_Eq': the constant e (Euler's number)
'M_LOG2Eq': binary logarithm of 2
'M_LOG10Eq': common, decimal logarithm of 2
'M_LN2q': natural logarithm of 2
'M_LN10q': natural logarithm of 10
'M_PIq': pi
'M_PI_2q': pi divided by two
'M_PI_4q': pi divided by four
'M_1_PIq': one over pi
'M_2_PIq': one over two pi
'M_2_SQRTPIq': two over square root of pi
'M_SQRT2q': square root of 2
'M_SQRT1_2q': one over square root of 2

File: libquadmath.info, Node: Math Library Routines, Next: I/O Library Routines, Prev: Typedef and constants, Up: Top
2 Math Library Routines
***********************
The following mathematical functions are available:
'acosq': arc cosine function
'acoshq': inverse hyperbolic cosine function
'asinq': arc sine function
'asinhq': inverse hyperbolic sine function
'atanq': arc tangent function
'atanhq': inverse hyperbolic tangent function
'atan2q': arc tangent function
'cbrtq': cube root function
'ceilq': ceiling value function
'copysignq': copy sign of a number
'coshq': hyperbolic cosine function
'cosq': cosine function
'erfq': error function
'erfcq': complementary error function
'exp2q': base 2 exponential function
'expq': exponential function
'expm1q': exponential minus 1 function
'fabsq': absolute value function
'fdimq': positive difference function
'finiteq': check finiteness of value
'floorq': floor value function
'fmaq': fused multiply and add
'fmaxq': determine maximum of two values
'fminq': determine minimum of two values
'fmodq': remainder value function
'frexpq': extract mantissa and exponent
'hypotq': Eucledian distance function
'ilogbq': get exponent of the value
'isinfq': check for infinity
'isnanq': check for not a number
'issignalingq': check for signaling not a number
'j0q': Bessel function of the first kind, first order
'j1q': Bessel function of the first kind, second order
'jnq': Bessel function of the first kind, N-th order
'ldexpq': load exponent of the value
'lgammaq': logarithmic gamma function
'llrintq': round to nearest integer value
'llroundq': round to nearest integer value away from zero
'logbq': get exponent of the value
'logq': natural logarithm function
'log10q': base 10 logarithm function
'log1pq': compute natural logarithm of the value plus one
'log2q': base 2 logarithm function
'lrintq': round to nearest integer value
'lroundq': round to nearest integer value away from zero
'modfq': decompose the floating-point number
'nanq': return quiet NaN
'nearbyintq': round to nearest integer
'nextafterq': next representable floating-point number
'powq': power function
'remainderq': remainder function
'remquoq': remainder and part of quotient
'rintq': round-to-nearest integral value
'roundq': round-to-nearest integral value, return '__float128'
'scalblnq': compute exponent using 'FLT_RADIX'
'scalbnq': compute exponent using 'FLT_RADIX'
'signbitq': return sign bit
'sincosq': calculate sine and cosine simultaneously
'sinhq': hyperbolic sine function
'sinq': sine function
'sqrtq': square root function
'tanq': tangent function
'tanhq': hyperbolic tangent function
'tgammaq': true gamma function
'truncq': round to integer, towards zero
'y0q': Bessel function of the second kind, first order
'y1q': Bessel function of the second kind, second order
'ynq': Bessel function of the second kind, N-th order
'cabsq' complex absolute value function
'cargq': calculate the argument
'cimagq' imaginary part of complex number
'crealq': real part of complex number
'cacoshq': complex arc hyperbolic cosine function
'cacosq': complex arc cosine function
'casinhq': complex arc hyperbolic sine function
'casinq': complex arc sine function
'catanhq': complex arc hyperbolic tangent function
'catanq': complex arc tangent function
'ccosq' complex cosine function:
'ccoshq': complex hyperbolic cosine function
'cexpq': complex exponential function
'cexpiq': computes the exponential function of "i" times a
real value
'clogq': complex natural logarithm
'clog10q': complex base 10 logarithm
'conjq': complex conjugate function
'cpowq': complex power function
'cprojq': project into Riemann Sphere
'csinq': complex sine function
'csinhq': complex hyperbolic sine function
'csqrtq': complex square root
'ctanq': complex tangent function
'ctanhq': complex hyperbolic tangent function

File: libquadmath.info, Node: I/O Library Routines, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Math Library Routines, Up: Top
3 I/O Library Routines
**********************
* Menu:
* 'strtoflt128': strtoflt128, Convert from string
* 'quadmath_snprintf': quadmath_snprintf, Convert to string

File: libquadmath.info, Node: strtoflt128, Next: quadmath_snprintf, Up: I/O Library Routines
3.1 'strtoflt128' -- Convert from string
========================================
The function 'strtoflt128' converts a string into a '__float128' number.
Syntax
'__float128 strtoflt128 (const char *s, char **sp)'
_Arguments_:
S input string
SP the address of the next character in the string
The argument SP contains, if not 'NULL', the address of the next
character following the parts of the string, which have been read.
Example
#include <quadmath.h>
int main ()
{
__float128 r;
r = strtoflt128 ("1.2345678", NULL);
return 0;
}

File: libquadmath.info, Node: quadmath_snprintf, Prev: strtoflt128, Up: I/O Library Routines
3.2 'quadmath_snprintf' -- Convert to string
============================================
The function 'quadmath_snprintf' converts a '__float128' floating-point
number into a string. It is a specialized alternative to 'snprintf',
where the format string is restricted to a single conversion specifier
with 'Q' modifier and conversion specifier 'e', 'E', 'f', 'F', 'g', 'G',
'a' or 'A', with no extra characters before or after the conversion
specifier. The '%m$' or '*m$' style must not be used in the format.
Syntax
'int quadmath_snprintf (char *s, size_t size, const char *format,
...)'
_Arguments_:
S output string
SIZE byte size of the string, including trailing NUL
FORMAT conversion specifier string
Note
On some targets when supported by the C library hooks are installed
for 'printf' family of functions, so that 'printf ("%Qe", 1.2Q);'
etc. works too.
Example
#include <quadmath.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
__float128 r;
int prec = 20;
int width = 46;
char buf[128];
r = 2.0q;
r = sqrtq (r);
int n = quadmath_snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, "%+-#*.20Qe", width, r);
if ((size_t) n < sizeof buf)
printf ("%s\n", buf);
/* Prints: +1.41421356237309504880e+00 */
quadmath_snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, "%Qa", r);
if ((size_t) n < sizeof buf)
printf ("%s\n", buf);
/* Prints: 0x1.6a09e667f3bcc908b2fb1366ea96p+0 */
n = quadmath_snprintf (NULL, 0, "%+-#46.*Qe", prec, r);
if (n > -1)
{
char *str = malloc (n + 1);
if (str)
{
quadmath_snprintf (str, n + 1, "%+-#46.*Qe", prec, r);
printf ("%s\n", str);
/* Prints: +1.41421356237309504880e+00 */
}
free (str);
}
return 0;
}

File: libquadmath.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Reporting Bugs, Prev: I/O Library Routines, Up: Top
GNU Free Documentation License
******************************
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
that the software does. But this License is not limited to
software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The
"Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept
the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
requiring permission under copyright law.
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
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A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
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The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
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If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
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The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
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Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
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A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
processors for output purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For
works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies
of the Document to the public.
A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
"Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)
To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
to this definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
which states that this License applies to the Document. These
Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
has no effect on the meaning of this License.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You
may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
and you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the
covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
network-using public has access to download using public-standard
network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in
the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
History section of the Document). You may use the same title
as a previous version if the original publisher of that
version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
from this requirement.
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the
Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for
previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
"History" section. You may omit a network location for a work
that was published at least four years before the Document
itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
to gives permission.
K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
Section.
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
section titles.
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage
of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document
already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under
this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section
Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
"Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You
must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
include the original English version of this License and the
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
disagreement between the translation and the original version of
this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
actual title.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void,
and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some
reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from
that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days
after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate
the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you
under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not
permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the
same material does not give you any rights to use it.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
<https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
that specified version or of any later version that has been
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can
decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
11. RELICENSING
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.
A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
site.
"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.
"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
in part, as part of another Document.
An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this
License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently
incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover
texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior
to November 1, 2008.
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the
site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1,
2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:
Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
being LIST.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
their use in free software.

File: libquadmath.info, Node: Reporting Bugs, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top
4 Reporting Bugs
****************
Bugs in the GCC Quad-Precision Math Library implementation should be
reported via <https://gcc.gnu.org/bugs/>.

Tag Table:
Node: Top1633
Node: Typedef and constants2367
Node: Math Library Routines3786
Node: I/O Library Routines7623
Node: strtoflt1287948
Node: quadmath_snprintf8708
Node: GNU Free Documentation License10919
Node: Reporting Bugs36068

End Tag Table

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GCC RUNTIME LIBRARY EXCEPTION
Version 3.1, 31 March 2009
Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This GCC Runtime Library Exception ("Exception") is an additional
permission under section 7 of the GNU General Public License, version
3 ("GPLv3"). It applies to a given file (the "Runtime Library") that
bears a notice placed by the copyright holder of the file stating that
the file is governed by GPLv3 along with this Exception.
When you use GCC to compile a program, GCC may combine portions of
certain GCC header files and runtime libraries with the compiled
program. The purpose of this Exception is to allow compilation of
non-GPL (including proprietary) programs to use, in this way, the
header files and runtime libraries covered by this Exception.
0. Definitions.
A file is an "Independent Module" if it either requires the Runtime
Library for execution after a Compilation Process, or makes use of an
interface provided by the Runtime Library, but is not otherwise based
on the Runtime Library.
"GCC" means a version of the GNU Compiler Collection, with or without
modifications, governed by version 3 (or a specified later version) of
the GNU General Public License (GPL) with the option of using any
subsequent versions published by the FSF.
"GPL-compatible Software" is software whose conditions of propagation,
modification and use would permit combination with GCC in accord with
the license of GCC.
"Target Code" refers to output from any compiler for a real or virtual
target processor architecture, in executable form or suitable for
input to an assembler, loader, linker and/or execution
phase. Notwithstanding that, Target Code does not include data in any
format that is used as a compiler intermediate representation, or used
for producing a compiler intermediate representation.
The "Compilation Process" transforms code entirely represented in
non-intermediate languages designed for human-written code, and/or in
Java Virtual Machine byte code, into Target Code. Thus, for example,
use of source code generators and preprocessors need not be considered
part of the Compilation Process, since the Compilation Process can be
understood as starting with the output of the generators or
preprocessors.
A Compilation Process is "Eligible" if it is done using GCC, alone or
with other GPL-compatible software, or if it is done without using any
work based on GCC. For example, using non-GPL-compatible Software to
optimize any GCC intermediate representations would not qualify as an
Eligible Compilation Process.
1. Grant of Additional Permission.
You have permission to propagate a work of Target Code formed by
combining the Runtime Library with Independent Modules, even if such
propagation would otherwise violate the terms of GPLv3, provided that
all Target Code was generated by Eligible Compilation Processes. You
may then convey such a combination under terms of your choice,
consistent with the licensing of the Independent Modules.
2. No Weakening of GCC Copyleft.
The availability of this Exception does not imply any general
presumption that third-party software is unaffected by the copyleft
requirements of the license of GCC.

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GCC RUNTIME LIBRARY EXCEPTION
Version 3.1, 31 March 2009
Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This GCC Runtime Library Exception ("Exception") is an additional
permission under section 7 of the GNU General Public License, version
3 ("GPLv3"). It applies to a given file (the "Runtime Library") that
bears a notice placed by the copyright holder of the file stating that
the file is governed by GPLv3 along with this Exception.
When you use GCC to compile a program, GCC may combine portions of
certain GCC header files and runtime libraries with the compiled
program. The purpose of this Exception is to allow compilation of
non-GPL (including proprietary) programs to use, in this way, the
header files and runtime libraries covered by this Exception.
0. Definitions.
A file is an "Independent Module" if it either requires the Runtime
Library for execution after a Compilation Process, or makes use of an
interface provided by the Runtime Library, but is not otherwise based
on the Runtime Library.
"GCC" means a version of the GNU Compiler Collection, with or without
modifications, governed by version 3 (or a specified later version) of
the GNU General Public License (GPL) with the option of using any
subsequent versions published by the FSF.
"GPL-compatible Software" is software whose conditions of propagation,
modification and use would permit combination with GCC in accord with
the license of GCC.
"Target Code" refers to output from any compiler for a real or virtual
target processor architecture, in executable form or suitable for
input to an assembler, loader, linker and/or execution
phase. Notwithstanding that, Target Code does not include data in any
format that is used as a compiler intermediate representation, or used
for producing a compiler intermediate representation.
The "Compilation Process" transforms code entirely represented in
non-intermediate languages designed for human-written code, and/or in
Java Virtual Machine byte code, into Target Code. Thus, for example,
use of source code generators and preprocessors need not be considered
part of the Compilation Process, since the Compilation Process can be
understood as starting with the output of the generators or
preprocessors.
A Compilation Process is "Eligible" if it is done using GCC, alone or
with other GPL-compatible software, or if it is done without using any
work based on GCC. For example, using non-GPL-compatible Software to
optimize any GCC intermediate representations would not qualify as an
Eligible Compilation Process.
1. Grant of Additional Permission.
You have permission to propagate a work of Target Code formed by
combining the Runtime Library with Independent Modules, even if such
propagation would otherwise violate the terms of GPLv3, provided that
all Target Code was generated by Eligible Compilation Processes. You
may then convey such a combination under terms of your choice,
consistent with the licensing of the Independent Modules.
2. No Weakening of GCC Copyleft.
The availability of this Exception does not imply any general
presumption that third-party software is unaffected by the copyleft
requirements of the license of GCC.

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GCC RUNTIME LIBRARY EXCEPTION
Version 3.1, 31 March 2009
Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This GCC Runtime Library Exception ("Exception") is an additional
permission under section 7 of the GNU General Public License, version
3 ("GPLv3"). It applies to a given file (the "Runtime Library") that
bears a notice placed by the copyright holder of the file stating that
the file is governed by GPLv3 along with this Exception.
When you use GCC to compile a program, GCC may combine portions of
certain GCC header files and runtime libraries with the compiled
program. The purpose of this Exception is to allow compilation of
non-GPL (including proprietary) programs to use, in this way, the
header files and runtime libraries covered by this Exception.
0. Definitions.
A file is an "Independent Module" if it either requires the Runtime
Library for execution after a Compilation Process, or makes use of an
interface provided by the Runtime Library, but is not otherwise based
on the Runtime Library.
"GCC" means a version of the GNU Compiler Collection, with or without
modifications, governed by version 3 (or a specified later version) of
the GNU General Public License (GPL) with the option of using any
subsequent versions published by the FSF.
"GPL-compatible Software" is software whose conditions of propagation,
modification and use would permit combination with GCC in accord with
the license of GCC.
"Target Code" refers to output from any compiler for a real or virtual
target processor architecture, in executable form or suitable for
input to an assembler, loader, linker and/or execution
phase. Notwithstanding that, Target Code does not include data in any
format that is used as a compiler intermediate representation, or used
for producing a compiler intermediate representation.
The "Compilation Process" transforms code entirely represented in
non-intermediate languages designed for human-written code, and/or in
Java Virtual Machine byte code, into Target Code. Thus, for example,
use of source code generators and preprocessors need not be considered
part of the Compilation Process, since the Compilation Process can be
understood as starting with the output of the generators or
preprocessors.
A Compilation Process is "Eligible" if it is done using GCC, alone or
with other GPL-compatible software, or if it is done without using any
work based on GCC. For example, using non-GPL-compatible Software to
optimize any GCC intermediate representations would not qualify as an
Eligible Compilation Process.
1. Grant of Additional Permission.
You have permission to propagate a work of Target Code formed by
combining the Runtime Library with Independent Modules, even if such
propagation would otherwise violate the terms of GPLv3, provided that
all Target Code was generated by Eligible Compilation Processes. You
may then convey such a combination under terms of your choice,
consistent with the licensing of the Independent Modules.
2. No Weakening of GCC Copyleft.
The availability of this Exception does not imply any general
presumption that third-party software is unaffected by the copyleft
requirements of the license of GCC.

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.\"
.\" Author: Lasse Collin
.\"
.\" This file has been put into the public domain.
.\" You can do whatever you want with this file.
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.\"
.\" This file was generated with po4a. Translate the source file.
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.TH XZDEC 1 "19. April 2017" Tukaani XZ\-Dienstprogramme
.SH BEZEICHNUNG
xzdec, lzmadec \- Kleine Dekompressoren für .xz und .lzma
.SH ÜBERSICHT
\fBxzdec\fP [\fIOption…\fP] [\fIDatei…\fP]
.br
\fBlzmadec\fP [\fIOption…\fP] [\fIDatei…\fP]
.SH BESCHREIBUNG
\fBxzdec\fP ist ein auf Liblzma basierendes Nur\-Dekompressionswerkzeug für
\&\fB.xz\fP\-Dateien (und \fBnur\fP für \fB.xz\fP\-Dateien). \fBxzdec\fP ist als direkter
Ersatz für \fBxz\fP(1) in jenen Situationen konzipiert, wo ein Skript \fBxz \-\-decompress \-\-stdout\fP (und eventuelle einige andere höufig genutzte
Optionen) zum Dekomprimieren von \fB.xz\fP\-Dateien. \fBlzmadec\fP ist weitgehend
identisch zu \fBxzdec\fP, mit der Ausnahme, dass \fBlzmadec\fP \fB.lzma\fP\-Dateien
anstelle von \fB.xz\fP\-Dateien unterstützt.
.PP
Um die Größe der ausführbaren Datei zu reduzieren, unterstützt \fBxzdec\fP
weder Multithreading noch Lokalisierung. Außerdem liest es keine Optionen
aus den Umgebungsvariablen \fBXZ_DEFAULTS\fP und \fBXZ_OPT\fP. \fBxzdec\fP
unterstützt keine zwischenzeitlichen Fortschrittsinformationen: Das Senden
von \fBSIGINFO\fP an \fBxzdec\fP hat keine Auswirkungen, jedoch beendet \fBSIGUSR1\fP
den Prozess, anstatt Fortschrittsinformationen anzuzeigen.
.SH OPTIONEN
.TP
\fB\-d\fP, \fB\-\-decompress\fP, \fB\-\-uncompress\fP
ist zwecks Kompatibilität zu \fBxz\fP(1) vorhanden; wird ignoriert. \fBxzdec\fP
unterstützt nur Dekompression.
.TP
\fB\-k\fP, \fB\-\-keep\fP
ist zwecks Kompatibilität zu \fBxz\fP(1) vorhanden; wird ignoriert. \fBxzdec\fP
erzeugt oder entfernt niemals Dateien.
.TP
\fB\-c\fP, \fB\-\-stdout\fP, \fB\-\-to\-stdout\fP
ist zwecks Kompatibilität zu \fBxz\fP(1) vorhanden; wird ignoriert. \fBxzdec\fP
schreibt die dekomprimierten Daten immer in die Standardausgabe.
.TP
\fB\-q\fP, \fB\-\-quiet\fP
hat bei einmaliger Angabe keine Wirkung, da \fBxzdec\fP niemals Warnungen oder
sonstige Meldungen anzeigt. Wenn Sie dies zweimal angeben, werden
Fehlermeldungen unterdrückt.
.TP
\fB\-Q\fP, \fB\-\-no\-warn\fP
ist zwecks Kompatibilität zu \fBxz\fP(1) vorhanden; wird ignoriert. \fBxzdec\fP
verwendet niemals den Exit\-Status 2.
.TP
\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
zeigt eine Hilfemeldung an und beendet das Programm erfolgreich.
.TP
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
zeigt die Versionsnummer von \fBxzdec\fP und liblzma an.
.SH EXIT\-STATUS
.TP
\fB0\fP
Alles ist in Ordnung.
.TP
\fB1\fP
Ein Fehler ist aufgetreten.
.PP
\fBxzdec\fP gibt keine Warnmeldungen wie \fBxz\fP(1) aus, daher wird der
Exit\-Status 2 von \fBxzdec\fP nicht verwendet.
.SH ANMERKUNGEN
Verwenden Sie \fBxz\fP(1) anstelle von \fBxzdec\fP oder \fBlzmadec\fP im normalen
täglichen Gebrauch. \fBxzdec\fP oder \fBlzmadec\fP sind nur für Situationen
gedacht, in denen ein kleinerer Dekompressor statt des voll ausgestatteten
\fBxz\fP(1) wichtig ist.
.PP
\fBxzdec\fP und \fBlzmadec\fP sind nicht wirklich extrem klein. Die Größe kann
durch Deaktivieren von Funktionen bei der Kompilierung von Liblzma weiter
verringert werden, aber das sollte nicht für ausführbare Dateien getan
werden, die in typischen Betriebssystemen ausgeliefert werden, außer in den
Distributionen für eingebettete Systeme. Wenn Sie einen wirklich winzigen
Dekompressor für \fB.xz\fP\-Dateien brauchen, sollten Sie stattdessen XZ
Embedded in Erwägung ziehen.
.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
\fBxz\fP(1)
.PP
XZ Embedded: <https://tukaani.org/xz/embedded.html>

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@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
.\"
.\" Original zdiff.1 for gzip: Jean-loup Gailly
.\"
.\" Modifications for XZ Utils: Lasse Collin
.\" Andrew Dudman
.\"
.\" License: GNU GPLv2+
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.\"
.\" This file was generated with po4a. Translate the source file.
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.TH XZDIFF 1 2021\-06\-04 Tukaani XZ\-Dienstprogramme
.SH BEZEICHNUNG
xzcmp, xzdiff, lzcmp, lzdiff \- komprimierte Dateien vergleichen
.SH ÜBERSICHT
\fBxzcmp\fP [\fIcmp\-Optionen\fP] \fIDatei1\fP [\fIDatei2\fP]
.br
\fBxzdiff\fP [\fIdiff\-Optionen\fP] \fIDatei1\fP [\fIDatei2\fP]
.br
\fBlzcmp\fP [\fIcmp\-Optionen\fP] \fIDatei1\fP [\fIDatei2\fP]
.br
\fBlzdiff\fP [\fIdiff\-Optionen\fP] \fIDatei1\fP [\fIDatei2\fP]
.SH BESCHREIBUNG
\fBxzcmp\fP and \fBxzdiff\fP invoke \fBcmp\fP(1) or \fBdiff\fP(1) on files compressed
with \fBxz\fP(1), \fBlzma\fP(1), \fBgzip\fP(1), \fBbzip2\fP(1), \fBlzop\fP(1), or
\fBzstd\fP(1). All options specified are passed directly to \fBcmp\fP(1) or
\fBdiff\fP(1). If only one file is specified, then the files compared are
\fIfile1\fP (which must have a suffix of a supported compression format) and
\fIfile1\fP from which the compression format suffix has been stripped. If two
files are specified, then they are uncompressed if necessary and fed to
\fBcmp\fP(1) or \fBdiff\fP(1). The exit status from \fBcmp\fP(1) or \fBdiff\fP(1) is
preserved unless a decompression error occurs; then exit status is 2.
.PP
Die Namen \fBlzcmp\fP und \fBlzdiff\fP dienen der Abwärtskompatibilität zu den
LZMA\-Dienstprogrammen.
.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
\fBcmp\fP(1), \fBdiff\fP(1), \fBxz\fP(1), \fBgzip\fP(1), \fBbzip2\fP(1), \fBlzop\fP(1),
\fBzstd\fP(1), \fBzdiff\fP(1)
.SH FEHLER
Die Meldungen der Programme \fBcmp\fP(1) oder \fBdiff\fP(1) können auf temporäre
Dateinamen verweisen anstatt auf die tatsächlich angegebenen Dateinamen.

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.\"
.\" Authors: Andrew Dudman
.\" Lasse Collin
.\"
.\" This file has been put into the public domain.
.\" You can do whatever you want with this file.
.\"
.\" (Note that this file is not based on gzip's zless.1.)
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.\"
.\" This file was generated with po4a. Translate the source file.
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.TH XZLESS 1 "27. September 2010" Tukaani XZ\-Dienstprogramme
.SH BEZEICHNUNG
xzless, lzless \- mit xz oder lzma komprimierte (Text\-)Dateien betrachten
.SH ÜBERSICHT
\fBxzless\fP [\fIDatei\fP …]
.br
\fBlzless\fP [\fIDatei\fP …]
.SH BESCHREIBUNG
\fBxzless\fP ist ein Filter, der Text aus komprimierten Dateien in einem
Terminal anzeigt. Es funktioniert mit Dateien, die mit \fBxz\fP(1) oder
\fBlzma\fP(1) komprimiert sind. Falls keine \fIfiles\fP angegeben sind, liest
\fBxzless\fP aus der Standardeingabe.
.PP
\fBxzless\fP verwendet \fBless\fP(1) zur Darstellung der Ausgabe. Im Gegensatz zu
\fBxzmore\fP können Sie das zu verwendende Textanzeigeprogramm nicht durch
Setzen einer Umgebungsvariable ändern. Die Befehle basieren auf \fBmore\fP(1)
und \fBvi\fP(1) und ermöglichen Vorwärts\- und Rückwärtssprünge sowie
Suchvorgänge. In der Handbuchseite zu \fBless\fP(1) finden Sie weiter
Information.
.PP
Der Befehl \fBlzless\fP dient der Abwärtskompatibilität zu den
LZMA\-Dienstprogrammen.
.SH UMGEBUNGSVARIABLEN
.TP
\fBLESSMETACHARS\fP
Dies enthält eine Zeichenliste mit Bezug zur Shell. Wenn diese Variable
nicht bereits gesetzt ist, wird sie durch \fBxzless\fP gesetzt.
.TP
\fBLESSOPEN\fP
Dies ist auf die Befehlszeile zum Aufruf von \fBxz\fP(1) gesetzt, die zur
Vorverarbeitung der Eingabedateien für \fBless\fP(1) nötig ist.
.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
\fBless\fP(1), \fBxz\fP(1), \fBxzmore\fP(1), \fBzless\fP(1)

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@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
.\"
.\" Original zdiff.1 for gzip: Jean-loup Gailly
.\" Modifications for XZ Utils: Lasse Collin
.\"
.\" License: GNU GPLv2+
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.\"
.\" This file was generated with po4a. Translate the source file.
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.TH XZMORE 1 "30. Juni 2013" Tukaani XZ\-Dienstprogramme
.SH BEZEICHNUNG
xzmore, lzmore \- mit xz oder lzma komprimierte (Text\-)Dateien lesen
.SH ÜBERSICHT
\fBxzmore\fP [\fIDatei …\fP]
.br
\fBlzmore\fP [\fIDatei …\fP]
.SH BESCHREIBUNG
\fBxzmore\fP ist ein Filter zur seitenweisen Anzeige von Textdateien in einem
Terminal, die mit \fBxz\fP(1) oder \fBlzma\fP(1) komprimiert wurden.
.PP
Um ein anderes Textanzeigeprogramm als den voreingestellten \fBmore\fP zu
verwenden, setzen Sie die Umgebungsvariable \fBPAGER\fP auf das gewünschte
Programm. Der Name \fBlzmore\fP dient der Abwärtskompatibilität zu den
LZMA\-Dienstprogrammen.
.TP
\fBe\fP oder \fBq\fP
Wenn die Zeile \-\-Mehr\-\-(Nächste Datei: \fIDatei\fP) angezeigt wird, wird
\fBxzmore\fP mit diesem Befehl beendet.
.TP
\fBs\fP
Wenn die Zeile \-\-Mehr\-\-(Nächste Datei: \fIDatei\fP) angezeigt wird, springt
\fBxzmore\fP zur nächsten Datei und zeigt diese an.
.PP
Eine Liste der bei der Betrachtung von Dateiinhalten verfügbaren
Tastaturbefehle finden Sie in der Handbuchseite des verwendeten
Textanzeigeprogramms, meist \fBmore\fP(1).
.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
\fBmore\fP(1), \fBxz\fP(1), \fBxzless\fP(1), \fBzmore\fP(1)

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xz.1

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xzdiff.1

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xzdiff.1

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xzless.1

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xz.1

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xzdec.1

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xzmore.1

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xz.1

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xz.1

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

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xz.1

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xzdiff.1

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.\"
.\" Author: Lasse Collin
.\"
.\" This file has been put into the public domain.
.\" You can do whatever you want with this file.
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.\"
.\" This file was generated with po4a. Translate the source file.
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.TH XZDEC 1 19\-04\-2017 Tukaani "Utilitaires XZ"
.SH NOM
xzdec, lzmadec \- Small .xz et .lzma decompresseurs
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBxzdec\fP [\fIoption...\fP] [\fIfichier...\fP]
.br
\fBlzmadec\fP [\fIoption...\fP] [\fIfichier...\fP]
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBxzdec\fP est un outil uniquement de décompression, basé sur liblzma pour les
fichiers \fB.xz\fP (et seulement \fB.xz\fP). \fBxzdec\fP est destiné à remplacer
\fBxz\fP(1) dans les situations les plus courantes où un script a été écrit
pour utiliser \fBxz \-\-decompress \-\-stdout\fP (et possiblement quelques autres
options courantes) pour décompresser des fichiers \fB.xz\fP. \fBlzmadec\fP est
identique à \fBxzdec\fP, sauf que \fBlzmadec\fP prend en charge les fichiers
\&\fB.lzma\fP au lieu des fichiers \fB.xz\fP.
.PP
Pour réduire la taille de l'exécutable, \fBxzdec\fP ne prend en charge ni le
multithreading ni la localisation et ne lit pas les options des variables
d'environnement \fBXZ_DEFAULTS\fP et \fBXZ_OPT\fP. \fBxzdec\fP ne gère pas
l'affichage d'information sur la progression du traitement\ : envoyer
\fBSIGINFO\fP à \fBxzdec\fP ne fait rien, mais envoyer \fBSIGUSR1\fP termine le
processus au lieu d'afficher de l'information sur la progression.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
\fB\-d\fP, \fB\-\-decompress\fP, \fB\-\-uncompress\fP
Ignoré pour la compatibilité avec \fBxz\fP(1), \fBxzdec\fP ne gère que la
décompression.
.TP
\fB\-k\fP, \fB\-\-keep\fP
Ignoré pour la compatibilité avec \fBxz\fP(1), \fBxzdec\fP ne crée ni ne supprime
jamais aucun fichier.
.TP
\fB\-c\fP, \fB\-\-stdout\fP, \fB\-\-to\-stdout\fP
Ignoré pour la compatibilité avec \fBxz\fP(1), \fBxzdec\fP écrit toujours les
données décompressées sur la sortie standard.
.TP
\fB\-q\fP, \fB\-\-quiet\fP
Spécifier cela une fois ne fait rien, car \fBxzdec\fP n'affiche jamais aucun
avertissement ou notification. Spécifier cela deux fois pour supprimer les
erreurs.
.TP
\fB\-Q\fP, \fB\-\-no\-warn\fP
Ignoré pour la compatibilité avec \fBxz\fP(1), \fBxzdec\fP n'utilise jamais le
satut de sortie\ 2.
.TP
\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
Afficher un message d'aide et quitter.
.TP
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
Afficher le numéro de version de \fBxzdec\fP et liblzma.
.SH "STATUT DE SORTIE"
.TP
\fB0\fP
Tout s'est bien passé.
.TP
\fB1\fP
Une erreur est survenue.
.PP
A la différence de \fBxz\fP(1),\fBxzdec\fP n'a pas de messages d'avertissement, et
donc le statut de sortie\ 2 n'est pas utilisé par \fBxzdec\fP.
.SH NOTES
Utilisez \fBxz\fP(1) au lieu de \fBxzdec\fP ou \fBlzmadec\fP pour un usage normal de
tous les jours. \fBxzdec\fP ou \fBlzmadec\fP ne sont utiles que pour les
situations où il est important d'avoir un plus petit décompresseur que le
\fBxz\fP(1) complet.
.PP
\fBxzdec\fP et \fBlzmadec\fP ne sont en fait pas vraiment si petits. La taille
peut être encore réduite en abandonnant des fonctionnalités de liblzma au
moment de la compilation, mais cela ne devrait pas être fait pour des
exécutables distribués sur des systèmes d'exploitation classique non
embarqués. Si vous avez besoin d'un décompresseur vraiment petit, pensez à
utiliser XZ\ Embedded.
.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
\fBxz\fP(1)
.PP
XZ Embarqué: <https://tukaani.org/xz/embedded.html>

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.\"
.\" Original zdiff.1 for gzip: Jean-loup Gailly
.\"
.\" Modifications for XZ Utils: Lasse Collin
.\" Andrew Dudman
.\"
.\" License: GNU GPLv2+
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.\"
.\" This file was generated with po4a. Translate the source file.
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.TH XZDIFF 1 2021\-06\-04 Tukaani "Utilitaires XZ"
.SH NOM
xzcmp, xzdiff, lzcmp, lzdiff \- Comparer des fichiers compressés.
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBxzcmp\fP [\fIcmp_options\fP] \fIfichier1\fP [\fIfichier2\fP]
.br
\fBxzdiff\fP [\fIdiff_options\fP] \fIfichier1\fP [\fIfichier2\fP]
.br
\fBlzcmp\fP [\fIcmp_options\fP] \fIfichier1\fP [\fIfichier2\fP]
.br
\fBlzdiff\fP [\fIdiff_options\fP] \fIfichier1\fP [\fIfichier2\fP]
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBxzcmp\fP and \fBxzdiff\fP invoke \fBcmp\fP(1) or \fBdiff\fP(1) on files compressed
with \fBxz\fP(1), \fBlzma\fP(1), \fBgzip\fP(1), \fBbzip2\fP(1), \fBlzop\fP(1), or
\fBzstd\fP(1). All options specified are passed directly to \fBcmp\fP(1) or
\fBdiff\fP(1). If only one file is specified, then the files compared are
\fIfile1\fP (which must have a suffix of a supported compression format) and
\fIfile1\fP from which the compression format suffix has been stripped. If two
files are specified, then they are uncompressed if necessary and fed to
\fBcmp\fP(1) or \fBdiff\fP(1). The exit status from \fBcmp\fP(1) or \fBdiff\fP(1) is
preserved unless a decompression error occurs; then exit status is 2.
.PP
Les noms \fBlzcmp\fP et \fBlzdiff\fP sont fournis pour des besoins de
rétrocompatibilité avec les Utilitaires LZMA.
.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
\fBcmp\fP(1), \fBdiff\fP(1), \fBxz\fP(1), \fBgzip\fP(1), \fBbzip2\fP(1), \fBlzop\fP(1),
\fBzstd\fP(1), \fBzdiff\fP(1)
.SH BOGUES
Les messages des programmes \fBcmp\fP(1) ou \fBdiff\fP(1) se réfèrent à des noms
de fichiers temporaires et non à ceux spécifiés.

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.\"
.\" Authors: Andrew Dudman
.\" Lasse Collin
.\"
.\" This file has been put into the public domain.
.\" You can do whatever you want with this file.
.\"
.\" (Note that this file is not based on gzip's zless.1.)
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.\"
.\" This file was generated with po4a. Translate the source file.
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.TH XZLESS 1 27\-09\-2010 Tukaani "Utilitaires XZ"
.SH NOM
xzless, lzless \- Voir le contenu des fichiers (texte) compressés xz ou lzma
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBxzless\fP [\fIfichier\fP...]
.br
\fBlzless\fP [\fIfichier\fP...]
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBxzless\fP est un filtre qui affiche le contenu de fichiers compressés dans
un terminal. Cela fonctionne avec les fichiers compressés avec \fBxz\fP(1) ou
\fBlzma\fP(1). Si aucun \fIfichier\fP n'est donné, \fBxzless\fP lit depuis l'entrée
standard.
.PP
\fBxzless\fP utilise \fBless\fP(1) pour afficher sa sortie. Contrairement à
\fBxzmore\fP, son choix d'afficheur ne peut pas être modifié en indiquant une
variable d'environnement. Les commandes sont basées sur \fBmore\fP(1) et
\fBvi\fP(1) et permettent des déplacements en avant et en arrière et des
recherches. Voir le manuel de \fBless\fP(1) pour plus d'information.
.PP
La commande nommée \fBlzless\fP est fournie pour la rétrocompatibilité avec les
utilitaires LZMA.
.SH ENVIRONNEMENT
.TP
\fBLESSMETACHARS\fP
Une liste de caractères spéciaux pour l'interpréteur. Définis par \fBxzless\fP
à moins qu'ils ne l'aient déjà été dans l'environnement.
.TP
\fBLESSOPEN\fP
Définir en ligne de commande le décompresseur \fBxz\fP(1) à invoquer pour
préparer les fichiers en entrée pour \fBless\fP(1).
.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
\fBless\fP(1), \fBxz\fP(1), \fBxzmore\fP(1), \fBzless\fP(1)

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.\"
.\" Original zdiff.1 for gzip: Jean-loup Gailly
.\" Modifications for XZ Utils: Lasse Collin
.\"
.\" License: GNU GPLv2+
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.\"
.\" This file was generated with po4a. Translate the source file.
.\"
.\"*******************************************************************
.TH XZMORE 1 30\-06\-2013 Tukaani "Utilitaires XZ"
.SH NOM
xzmore, lzmore \- Voir le contenu des fichiers (texte) compressés xz ou lzma
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBxzmore\fP [\fIfichier...\fP]
.br
\fBlzmore\fP [\fIfichier...\fP]
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBxzmore\fP est un filtre qui permet d'examiner le contenu des fichiers texte
compressés \fBxz\fP(1) ou \fBlzma\fP(1), une page d'écran à la fois, sur un
terminal écran.
.PP
Pour utiliser un afficheur autre que \fBmore\fP, l'afficheur par défaut,
définissez la variable d'environnement \fBPAGER\fP avec le nom du programme
souhaité. Le nom \fBlzmore\fP est fourni pour la rétrocompatibilité avec les
utilitaires LZMA.
.TP
\fBe\fP ou \fBq\fP
Lorsque l'invite \-\-More\-\-(prochain fichier\ : \fIfichier\fP) est affiché, cette
commande force \fBxzmore\fP à quitter.
.TP
\fBs\fP
Lorsque l'invite \-\-More\-\-(prochain fichier\ : \fIfichier\fP) est affiché, cette
commande force \fBxzmore\fP à ignorer le prochain fichier et continuer.
.PP
Pour une liste des commandes clavier prises en charge lors de la lecture du
contenu d'un fichier, référez vous au manuel de l'afficheur (pager) que vous
utilisez, habituellement \fBmore\fP(1).
.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
\fBmore\fP(1), \fBxz\fP(1), \fBxzless\fP(1), \fBzmore\fP(1)

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xz.1

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xzdiff.1

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xzdiff.1

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xzgrep.1

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xzgrep.1

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xzgrep.1

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xzless.1

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xz.1

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xzdec.1

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.\"
.\" Author: Lasse Collin
.\"
.\" This file has been put into the public domain.
.\" You can do whatever you want with this file.
.\"
.TH LZMAINFO 1 "2013-06-30" "Tukaani" "XZ Utils"
.SH NAME
lzmainfo \- show information stored in the .lzma file header
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B lzmainfo
.RB [ \-\-help ]
.RB [ \-\-version ]
.RI [ file... ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B lzmainfo
shows information stored in the
.B .lzma
file header.
It reads the first 13 bytes from the specified
.IR file ,
decodes the header, and prints it to standard output in human
readable format.
If no
.I files
are given or
.I file
is
.BR \- ,
standard input is read.
.PP
Usually the most interesting information is
the uncompressed size and the dictionary size.
Uncompressed size can be shown only if
the file is in the non-streamed
.B .lzma
format variant.
The amount of memory required to decompress the file is
a few dozen kilobytes plus the dictionary size.
.PP
.B lzmainfo
is included in XZ Utils primarily for
backward compatibility with LZMA Utils.
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.TP
.B 0
All is good.
.TP
.B 1
An error occurred.
.SH BUGS
.B lzmainfo
uses
.B MB
while the correct suffix would be
.B MiB
(2^20 bytes).
This is to keep the output compatible with LZMA Utils.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR xz (1)

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xzmore.1

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python3.11.1

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.TH PYTHON "1"
.\" To view this file while editing, run it through groff:
.\" groff -Tascii -man python.man | less
.SH NAME
python \- an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B python
[
.B \-B
]
[
.B \-b
]
[
.B \-d
]
[
.B \-E
]
[
.B \-h
]
[
.B \-i
]
[
.B \-I
]
.br
[
.B \-m
.I module-name
]
[
.B \-q
]
[
.B \-O
]
[
.B \-OO
]
[
.B \-P
]
[
.B \-s
]
[
.B \-S
]
[
.B \-u
]
.br
[
.B \-v
]
[
.B \-V
]
[
.B \-W
.I argument
]
[
.B \-x
]
[
.B \-X
.I option
]
[
.B \-?
]
.br
[
.B \--check-hash-based-pycs
.I default
|
.I always
|
.I never
]
.br
[
.B \--help
]
[
.B \--help-env
]
[
.B \--help-xoptions
]
[
.B \--help-all
]
.br
[
.B \-c
.I command
|
.I script
|
\-
]
[
.I arguments
]
.SH DESCRIPTION
Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
language that combines remarkable power with very clear syntax.
For an introduction to programming in Python, see the Python Tutorial.
The Python Library Reference documents built-in and standard types,
constants, functions and modules.
Finally, the Python Reference Manual describes the syntax and
semantics of the core language in (perhaps too) much detail.
(These documents may be located via the
.B "INTERNET RESOURCES"
below; they may be installed on your system as well.)
.PP
Python's basic power can be extended with your own modules written in
C or C++.
On most systems such modules may be dynamically loaded.
Python is also adaptable as an extension language for existing
applications.
See the internal documentation for hints.
.PP
Documentation for installed Python modules and packages can be
viewed by running the
.B pydoc
program.
.SH COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-B
Don't write
.I .pyc
files on import. See also PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE.
.TP
.B \-b
Issue warnings about str(bytes_instance), str(bytearray_instance)
and comparing bytes/bytearray with str. (-bb: issue errors)
.TP
.BI "\-c " command
Specify the command to execute (see next section).
This terminates the option list (following options are passed as
arguments to the command).
.TP
.BI "\-\-check-hash-based-pycs " mode
Configure how Python evaluates the up-to-dateness of hash-based .pyc files.
.TP
.B \-d
Turn on parser debugging output (for expert only, depending on
compilation options).
.TP
.B \-E
Ignore environment variables like PYTHONPATH and PYTHONHOME that modify
the behavior of the interpreter.
.TP
.B \-h ", " \-? ", "\-\-help
Prints the usage for the interpreter executable and exits.
.TP
.B "\-\-help\-env"
Prints help about Python-specific environment variables and exits.
.TP
.B "\-\-help\-xoptions"
Prints help about implementation-specific \fB\-X\fP options and exits.
.TP
.TP
.B "\-\-help\-all"
Prints complete usage information and exits.
.TP
.B \-i
When a script is passed as first argument or the \fB\-c\fP option is
used, enter interactive mode after executing the script or the
command. It does not read the $PYTHONSTARTUP file. This can be
useful to inspect global variables or a stack trace when a script
raises an exception.
.TP
.B \-I
Run Python in isolated mode. This also implies \fB\-E\fP, \fB\-P\fP and \fB\-s\fP. In
isolated mode sys.path contains neither the script's directory nor the user's
site-packages directory. All PYTHON* environment variables are ignored, too.
Further restrictions may be imposed to prevent the user from injecting
malicious code.
.TP
.BI "\-m " module-name
Searches
.I sys.path
for the named module and runs the corresponding
.I .py
file as a script. This terminates the option list (following options
are passed as arguments to the module).
.TP
.B \-O
Remove assert statements and any code conditional on the value of
__debug__; augment the filename for compiled (bytecode) files by
adding .opt-1 before the .pyc extension.
.TP
.B \-OO
Do \fB-O\fP and also discard docstrings; change the filename for
compiled (bytecode) files by adding .opt-2 before the .pyc extension.
.TP
.B \-P
Don't automatically prepend a potentially unsafe path to \fBsys.path\fP such
as the current directory, the script's directory or an empty string. See also the
\fBPYTHONSAFEPATH\fP environment variable.
.TP
.B \-q
Do not print the version and copyright messages. These messages are
also suppressed in non-interactive mode.
.TP
.B \-s
Don't add user site directory to sys.path.
.TP
.B \-S
Disable the import of the module
.I site
and the site-dependent manipulations of
.I sys.path
that it entails. Also disable these manipulations if
.I site
is explicitly imported later.
.TP
.B \-u
Force the stdout and stderr streams to be unbuffered.
This option has no effect on the stdin stream.
.TP
.B \-v
Print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place
(filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded. When given
twice, print a message for each file that is checked for when
searching for a module. Also provides information on module cleanup
at exit.
.TP
.B \-V ", " \-\-version
Prints the Python version number of the executable and exits. When given
twice, print more information about the build.
.TP
.BI "\-W " argument
Warning control. Python's warning machinery by default prints warning messages
to
.IR sys.stderr .
The simplest settings apply a particular action unconditionally to all warnings
emitted by a process (even those that are otherwise ignored by default):
-Wdefault # Warn once per call location
-Werror # Convert to exceptions
-Walways # Warn every time
-Wmodule # Warn once per calling module
-Wonce # Warn once per Python process
-Wignore # Never warn
The action names can be abbreviated as desired and the interpreter will resolve
them to the appropriate action name. For example,
.B -Wi
is the same as
.B -Wignore .
The full form of argument is:
.IB action:message:category:module:lineno
Empty fields match all values; trailing empty fields may be omitted. For
example
.B -W ignore::DeprecationWarning
ignores all DeprecationWarning warnings.
The
.I action
field is as explained above but only applies to warnings that match
the remaining fields.
The
.I message
field must match the whole printed warning message; this match is
case-insensitive.
The
.I category
field matches the warning category (ex: "DeprecationWarning"). This must be a
class name; the match test whether the actual warning category of the message
is a subclass of the specified warning category.
The
.I module
field matches the (fully-qualified) module name; this match is case-sensitive.
The
.I lineno
field matches the line number, where zero matches all line numbers and is thus
equivalent to an omitted line number.
Multiple
.B -W
options can be given; when a warning matches more than one option, the action
for the last matching option is performed. Invalid
.B -W
options are ignored (though, a warning message is printed about invalid options
when the first warning is issued).
Warnings can also be controlled using the
.B PYTHONWARNINGS
environment variable and from within a Python program using the warnings
module. For example, the warnings.filterwarnings() function can be used to use
a regular expression on the warning message.
.TP
.BI "\-X " option
Set implementation-specific option. The following options are available:
-X faulthandler: enable faulthandler
-X showrefcount: output the total reference count and number of used
memory blocks when the program finishes or after each statement in the
interactive interpreter. This only works on debug builds
-X tracemalloc: start tracing Python memory allocations using the
tracemalloc module. By default, only the most recent frame is stored in a
traceback of a trace. Use -X tracemalloc=NFRAME to start tracing with a
traceback limit of NFRAME frames
-X importtime: show how long each import takes. It shows module name,
cumulative time (including nested imports) and self time (excluding
nested imports). Note that its output may be broken in multi-threaded
application. Typical usage is python3 -X importtime -c 'import asyncio'
-X dev: enable CPython's "development mode", introducing additional runtime
checks which are too expensive to be enabled by default. It will not be
more verbose than the default if the code is correct: new warnings are
only emitted when an issue is detected. Effect of the developer mode:
* Add default warning filter, as -W default
* Install debug hooks on memory allocators: see the PyMem_SetupDebugHooks()
C function
* Enable the faulthandler module to dump the Python traceback on a crash
* Enable asyncio debug mode
* Set the dev_mode attribute of sys.flags to True
* io.IOBase destructor logs close() exceptions
-X utf8: enable UTF-8 mode for operating system interfaces, overriding the default
locale-aware mode. -X utf8=0 explicitly disables UTF-8 mode (even when it would
otherwise activate automatically). See PYTHONUTF8 for more details
-X pycache_prefix=PATH: enable writing .pyc files to a parallel tree rooted at the
given directory instead of to the code tree.
-X warn_default_encoding: enable opt-in EncodingWarning for 'encoding=None'
-X no_debug_ranges: disable the inclusion of the tables mapping extra location
information (end line, start column offset and end column offset) to every
instruction in code objects. This is useful when smaller code objects and pyc
files are desired as well as suppressing the extra visual location indicators
when the interpreter displays tracebacks.
-X frozen_modules=[on|off]: whether or not frozen modules should be used.
The default is "on" (or "off" if you are running a local build).
-X int_max_str_digits=number: limit the size of int<->str conversions.
This helps avoid denial of service attacks when parsing untrusted data.
The default is sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits. 0 disables.
.TP
.B \-x
Skip the first line of the source. This is intended for a DOS
specific hack only. Warning: the line numbers in error messages will
be off by one!
.SH INTERPRETER INTERFACE
The interpreter interface resembles that of the UNIX shell: when
called with standard input connected to a tty device, it prompts for
commands and executes them until an EOF is read; when called with a
file name argument or with a file as standard input, it reads and
executes a
.I script
from that file;
when called with
.B \-c
.IR command ,
it executes the Python statement(s) given as
.IR command .
Here
.I command
may contain multiple statements separated by newlines.
Leading whitespace is significant in Python statements!
In non-interactive mode, the entire input is parsed before it is
executed.
.PP
If available, the script name and additional arguments thereafter are
passed to the script in the Python variable
.IR sys.argv ,
which is a list of strings (you must first
.I import sys
to be able to access it).
If no script name is given,
.I sys.argv[0]
is an empty string; if
.B \-c
is used,
.I sys.argv[0]
contains the string
.I '-c'.
Note that options interpreted by the Python interpreter itself
are not placed in
.IR sys.argv .
.PP
In interactive mode, the primary prompt is `>>>'; the second prompt
(which appears when a command is not complete) is `...'.
The prompts can be changed by assignment to
.I sys.ps1
or
.IR sys.ps2 .
The interpreter quits when it reads an EOF at a prompt.
When an unhandled exception occurs, a stack trace is printed and
control returns to the primary prompt; in non-interactive mode, the
interpreter exits after printing the stack trace.
The interrupt signal raises the
.I Keyboard\%Interrupt
exception; other UNIX signals are not caught (except that SIGPIPE is
sometimes ignored, in favor of the
.I IOError
exception). Error messages are written to stderr.
.SH FILES AND DIRECTORIES
These are subject to difference depending on local installation
conventions; ${prefix} and ${exec_prefix} are installation-dependent
and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they may be the same.
The default for both is \fI/usr/local\fP.
.IP \fI${exec_prefix}/bin/python\fP
Recommended location of the interpreter.
.PP
.I ${prefix}/lib/python<version>
.br
.I ${exec_prefix}/lib/python<version>
.RS
Recommended locations of the directories containing the standard
modules.
.RE
.PP
.I ${prefix}/include/python<version>
.br
.I ${exec_prefix}/include/python<version>
.RS
Recommended locations of the directories containing the include files
needed for developing Python extensions and embedding the
interpreter.
.RE
.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
.IP PYTHONSAFEPATH
If this is set to a non-empty string, don't automatically prepend a potentially
unsafe path to \fBsys.path\fP such as the current directory, the script's
directory or an empty string. See also the \fB\-P\fP option.
.IP PYTHONHOME
Change the location of the standard Python libraries. By default, the
libraries are searched in ${prefix}/lib/python<version> and
${exec_prefix}/lib/python<version>, where ${prefix} and ${exec_prefix}
are installation-dependent directories, both defaulting to
\fI/usr/local\fP. When $PYTHONHOME is set to a single directory, its value
replaces both ${prefix} and ${exec_prefix}. To specify different values
for these, set $PYTHONHOME to ${prefix}:${exec_prefix}.
.IP PYTHONPATH
Augments the default search path for module files.
The format is the same as the shell's $PATH: one or more directory
pathnames separated by colons.
Non-existent directories are silently ignored.
The default search path is installation dependent, but generally
begins with ${prefix}/lib/python<version> (see PYTHONHOME above).
The default search path is always appended to $PYTHONPATH.
If a script argument is given, the directory containing the script is
inserted in the path in front of $PYTHONPATH.
The search path can be manipulated from within a Python program as the
variable
.IR sys.path .
.IP PYTHONPLATLIBDIR
Override sys.platlibdir.
.IP PYTHONSTARTUP
If this is the name of a readable file, the Python commands in that
file are executed before the first prompt is displayed in interactive
mode.
The file is executed in the same name space where interactive commands
are executed so that objects defined or imported in it can be used
without qualification in the interactive session.
You can also change the prompts
.I sys.ps1
and
.I sys.ps2
in this file.
.IP PYTHONOPTIMIZE
If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
the \fB\-O\fP option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to
specifying \fB\-O\fP multiple times.
.IP PYTHONDEBUG
If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
the \fB\-d\fP option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to
specifying \fB\-d\fP multiple times.
.IP PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE
If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
the \fB\-B\fP option (don't try to write
.I .pyc
files).
.IP PYTHONINSPECT
If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
the \fB\-i\fP option.
.IP PYTHONIOENCODING
If this is set before running the interpreter, it overrides the encoding used
for stdin/stdout/stderr, in the syntax
.IB encodingname ":" errorhandler
The
.IB errorhandler
part is optional and has the same meaning as in str.encode. For stderr, the
.IB errorhandler
part is ignored; the handler will always be \'backslashreplace\'.
.IP PYTHONNOUSERSITE
If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the
\fB\-s\fP option (Don't add the user site directory to sys.path).
.IP PYTHONUNBUFFERED
If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
the \fB\-u\fP option.
.IP PYTHONVERBOSE
If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
the \fB\-v\fP option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to
specifying \fB\-v\fP multiple times.
.IP PYTHONWARNINGS
If this is set to a comma-separated string it is equivalent to
specifying the \fB\-W\fP option for each separate value.
.IP PYTHONHASHSEED
If this variable is set to "random", a random value is used to seed the hashes
of str and bytes objects.
If PYTHONHASHSEED is set to an integer value, it is used as a fixed seed for
generating the hash() of the types covered by the hash randomization. Its
purpose is to allow repeatable hashing, such as for selftests for the
interpreter itself, or to allow a cluster of python processes to share hash
values.
The integer must be a decimal number in the range [0,4294967295]. Specifying
the value 0 will disable hash randomization.
.IP PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS
Limit the maximum digit characters in an int value
when converting from a string and when converting an int back to a str.
A value of 0 disables the limit. Conversions to or from bases 2, 4, 8,
16, and 32 are never limited.
.IP PYTHONMALLOC
Set the Python memory allocators and/or install debug hooks. The available
memory allocators are
.IR malloc
and
.IR pymalloc .
The available debug hooks are
.IR debug ,
.IR malloc_debug ,
and
.IR pymalloc_debug .
.IP
When Python is compiled in debug mode, the default is
.IR pymalloc_debug
and the debug hooks are automatically used. Otherwise, the default is
.IR pymalloc .
.IP PYTHONMALLOCSTATS
If set to a non-empty string, Python will print statistics of the pymalloc
memory allocator every time a new pymalloc object arena is created, and on
shutdown.
.IP
This variable is ignored if the
.RB $ PYTHONMALLOC
environment variable is used to force the
.BR malloc (3)
allocator of the C library, or if Python is configured without pymalloc support.
.IP PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG
If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, enable the debug
mode of the asyncio module.
.IP PYTHONTRACEMALLOC
If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, start tracing
Python memory allocations using the tracemalloc module.
.IP
The value of the variable is the maximum number of frames stored in a
traceback of a trace. For example,
.IB PYTHONTRACEMALLOC=1
stores only the most recent frame.
.IP PYTHONFAULTHANDLER
If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string,
.IR faulthandler.enable()
is called at startup: install a handler for SIGSEGV, SIGFPE, SIGABRT, SIGBUS
and SIGILL signals to dump the Python traceback.
.IP
This is equivalent to the \fB-X faulthandler\fP option.
.IP PYTHONEXECUTABLE
If this environment variable is set,
.IB sys.argv[0]
will be set to its value instead of the value got through the C runtime. Only
works on Mac OS X.
.IP PYTHONUSERBASE
Defines the user base directory, which is used to compute the path of the user
.IR site-packages
directory and Distutils installation paths for
.IR "python setup\.py install \-\-user" .
.IP PYTHONPROFILEIMPORTTIME
If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, Python will
show how long each import takes. This is exactly equivalent to setting
\fB\-X importtime\fP on the command line.
.IP PYTHONBREAKPOINT
If this environment variable is set to 0, it disables the default debugger. It
can be set to the callable of your debugger of choice.
.SS Debug-mode variables
Setting these variables only has an effect in a debug build of Python, that is,
if Python was configured with the
\fB\--with-pydebug\fP build option.
.IP PYTHONTHREADDEBUG
If this environment variable is set, Python will print threading debug info.
The feature is deprecated in Python 3.10 and will be removed in Python 3.12.
.IP PYTHONDUMPREFS
If this environment variable is set, Python will dump objects and reference
counts still alive after shutting down the interpreter.
.SH AUTHOR
The Python Software Foundation: https://www.python.org/psf/
.SH INTERNET RESOURCES
Main website: https://www.python.org/
.br
Documentation: https://docs.python.org/
.br
Developer resources: https://devguide.python.org/
.br
Downloads: https://www.python.org/downloads/
.br
Module repository: https://pypi.org/
.br
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python, comp.lang.python.announce
.SH LICENSING
Python is distributed under an Open Source license. See the file
"LICENSE" in the Python source distribution for information on terms &
conditions for accessing and otherwise using Python and for a
DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.

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